Gallieni
JOSEPH SIMON. French soldier. He was born at St. Béat, 1849, and after passing through the military academy of St. Cyr, fought as lieutenant in the Franco-German war, distinguish ing himself in the defense portrayed in "La Dernière Cartouche" of Neuville. In 1880 he procured for France from the Sultan of Segou, though a captive, commercial privileges in Upper Nigeria. He was made a general for his later work in GENERAL GALLIENI Indo-China, and after 1896 became erenor-general of Madagascar, deposing Queen Ranavalo. In 1908 he became a member of the Superior War Council.
On the breaking out of the World War in 1914 Gallieni was made military governor of Paris, and his despatch of troops to the aid of General Manoury was instrumental in checking the Germans at the Marne. As a result, Gallieni was hailed as "savior of Paris." He continued his work as governor of the city for over 14 months, developing its defense, and rushing aid to threatened points in the front line. Toward the close of 1915 he became Minister of War, and was later intrusted with the development of the aviation arm, but a breakdown forced his retirement and he died at Versailles, May 27, 1916.
GALLIFET (gä-li-fā), GASTON ALEXANDRE AUGUSTE, MARQUIS DE, a French general; born in Paris, GALLINULINÆ France, Jan. 23, 1830. He joined the army in April, 1848, and became colonel in December, 1867. He served in the Crimea, Mexico (severely wounded at Puebla, 1863), Algeria (1860-1868). He commanded the 3d Regiment of Chasseurs d'Afrique, took part with the Army of the Rhine during the Franco-German War, being made prisoner at Sedan, and was promoted to the rank of General of Brigade, Aug. 30, 1870. During the second siege of Paris he commanded a brigade of the Army of Versailles, and was distinguished for severity to the Communard prisoners. In 1872 he was sent to Africa and had a considerable share in the pacification of the unsubdued tribes. He took charge of the expedition on El-Goliah, executed a rapid march through a desert country and severely punished the revolted tribes (December, 1872-March, 1873). On the general reorganization of the army, the Marquis de Gallifet was named to the command of the 3d Brigade of Infantry of the 8th Army Corps, and of the subdivision of the department of the Cher, Promoted to the rank of General of Division, May 3, 1875, he obtained the command of the 1st Division of Cavalry, and in February, 1879, that of the 9th Regiment. He was decorated with the Legion of Honor in 1855, made officer in 1863, and commander in 1873; Member of the Council of War in 1885, and Minister of War in 1899. He died July 8, 1909.