Gallfly
or GALLWASP, names generally applied to any member of a large family (Cynipidx) of hymenopterous insects, most of the females of which lay their eggs in plants and by the associated irritation produce galls. The insects are not unlike little wasps with straight, thread-like antennæ, laterally compressed abdomen, and long wings.
The eggs are laid in the leaves, twigs, roots, etc., of plants, which the mothers pierce with their ovipositors. The irritation of the wound and of the intruded and rapidly developing eggs results in pathological excrescences or galls. Within these the larvæ feed and grow, and either eat their way out while still grubs or remain till the pupa stage is past and emerge as adolescent insects. While most produce true galls, some members of the family act like cuckoos and utilize galls already formed by other genera. Others again depart more widely from the general habit and deposit their ova in other insects. The genera Cynips, Aphilotrix, Andricus, Neuroterus, Spathegaster, Biorhiza all form galls on oaks; Rhodites is the cause of mossy excrescences on rose bushes. Among those which utilize already formed galls, Sy- GALLIENI and in appreciation of the work done by the French Roman Catholics, both clergy and laity, in behalf of France, more friendly relations between France and the Vatican were re-established.