Gottenburg
or GOTEBORG (got'enbörg), a seaport town in Sweden, the second in importance, capital of the län of the same name; at the mouth of the Göta, in the Kattegat, 255 miles W.
S. W. of Stockholm, intersected by canals. It is one of the best built towns in Sweden, and the seat of a bishopric.
It has manufactures of sail-cloth, cotton, and other goods, and possesses shipbuilding yards, tobacco factories, breweries, sugar refineries, etc. The trade is very extensive. Among social reformers the town is noted for its management of the liquor question. Pop. (1919) 197,421.
GÖTTINGEN (get'ting-en), a town in the Prussian province of Hanover; 538 feet above sea-level on the Leine; 67 miles S. of Hanover, and 36 N. E. of Cassel.
The celebrated university (Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734-1737. Connected with it are the library of 600,000 volumes, the art museum, the splendid botanic garden (laid out by Haller), the observatory, the laboratory, the lying-in hospital, etc. ital, etc. Longfellow, Motley, Ticknor, Bancroft, and other illustrious Americans studied at Göttingen. The Göttingen Poet-League was a small poet band who in the "storm and stress" days of 1770-1778 did much for the revival of national feeling; by the "Göttingen Seven" are meant the seven professors (Albrecht, Dahlmann, Ewald, Gervinus, the two Grimms, and Weber) who for their liberal tendencies were in 1837 expelled by King Ernest Augustus. The book trade is of more importance than the manufactures-woolens, sugar, chemicals, etc. Raised to a town in 1210, and a considerable member of the Hansa in the 14th century. öttingen suffered much during the Thirty Years' War, when it was taken by Tilly in 1626, and recaptured by the Swedes in 1632. Pop. about 38,000.
GOTTLIEBEN (got'le-ben), a small town of Thurgau canton, Switzerland, 1 mile W. of Constance; its castle was the prison of John Huss, Jerome of Prague, and Malleobus.
GÖTZ VON BERLICHINGEN (gets fon ber'lich-ing-en), a German knight of the 16th century; born in Jaxthausen, Württemberg, in 1480. Götz is an abbreviation of Gottfried. At the siege of Landshut (1505), he lost his right hand, which was replaced by an artificial one of steel, cunningly invented by himself; it is still shown at Jagstfeld. He wrote an account of his own turbulent life on which Goethe grounded his drama of "Götz of Berlichingen." Died in his castle at Hornberg on the Neckar, July 23, 1562.
GOULBURN