Guise
the name of a branch of the ducal family of Lorraine, which it de- Guise, fifth son of René II., Duke of partment of Aisne.
CLAUDE OF LORRAINE, first Duke of Guise, fifth son of René II., Duke of Francis I., he fought with distinction at Oct. 20, 1496. Attaching himself to Francis I., he fought with distinction at France against the English and Ger- paign remained at home to defend Marignano in 1516; but after that campaign remained at home to defend France against the English and Germans (1522-1523). During the captivity of Francis I., after Pavia, Claude of Guise suppressed the peasant revolt in Lorraine (1527), for which Fi after his return home, created him Duke of Guise. He died April 12, 1550. which Francis, His daughter, MARY OF LORRAINE, born Nov. 22, 1515; in 1538 became the wife of James V. of Scotland. By his death in 1542 she was left a widow with one child, Mary, Queen of Scots. Under the regency of Arran which followed, war broke out between England and the regency of Arran which followed, one child, Mary, Queen of Scots. Under Scotland, partly on account of the claims which Henry VIII. made with regard to Scotland, partly on account of the claims the infant Mary's marriage, and partly on religious grounds. Mary of Lorraine during those years acted with much wisdom and moderation; but after her own during those years acted with much wis- on religious grounds. Mary of Lorraine accession to the regency in 1554, she allowed the Guises too much to influence her policy, the result bei Protestant nobles combined against her in 1559. This rebellion, which she was being that the Protestant nobles combined against her continued almost to the time of her death, which took place in Edinburgh Castle, June 10, 1560.
FRANCIS, second Duke of Guise, son of the first duke; born in Bar, Feb. 17, 1519; became one of the greatest gen- FRANCIS, second Duke of Guise, son of logne in 1545 he gained the nickname erals of France. At the siege of Bou- 1519; became one of the greatest gen- the first duke; born in Bar, Feb. 17, face. Seven years later he held Metz gloriously against Charles V. of Germany and thus prevented an invasion of France. He added to his reputation at Renti in 1554, fighting against the troops of Charles V., and in 1556 took GUITAR command of the expedition against Naples. Recalled in the following year English, he took Calais in 1558 and other towns, and brought about the treaty of to defend the N. frontier against the brother Charles, the cardinal, probably afterward played a prominent part at the Council of Trent, then managed to posthe most capable man of the Guises, who the reign of the weak King Francis II.
Roman Catholic opposition to the Re- Putting themselves at the head of the with a strong arm. In the war between Putting themselves at the head of the Huguenots and Catholics Guise and with a strong arm. In the war between formation, they repressed Protestantism Roman Catholic opposition to the Re- 1562, and the former was besieging Orleans when he was assassinated by Huguenot nobleman, on Feb. 18, 1563.
Montmorency won a victory at Dreux in Francis; born December 31, 1550. Filled hatred of the Protestants, he fought HENRY I., third Duke of Guise, son of by a Francis; born December 31, 1550. Filled by the murder of his father with bitter 1569, and in the same year forced Coligny to raise the siege of Poitiers.
He was one of the contrivers of the masthat Coligny should be slain; and subsequently he put himself at the head of sacre of St. Bartholomew, August 24, the Catholic League. He had, however, 1572, in which he personally made sure a greater ambition, that of succeeding to the throne of France, for in respect of real power he was already the equal, King Henry III., whose commands he of real power he was already the equal, or rather the superior, of the feeble assassination at Blois, Dec. 23, 1588. 1614. He was destined for the Church, and at the age of 15 became Archbishop HENRY II., fifth Duke of Guise, grandson of Henry I.; born in Blois, April 4, his elder brother, he succeeded to the of Rheims, but in 1640, on the death of against Richelieu, he was condemned by the parliament of Paris to capital and at the age of 15 became Archbishop dukedom. Having joined the league Masaniello's revolt in Naples as the representative of the Anjou family, but was ders. He put himself at the head of 1647, and carried to Madrid, where he remained five years. fruitless attempt to win Naples in 1654, taken prisoner by the Spanish forces in he settled at Paris and lived the life of After another taken prisoner by the Spanish forces in fruitless attempt to win Naples in 1654, remained five years. After another 1647, and carried to Madrid, where he he settled at Paris and lived the life of GUITAR (gi-tär'), a musical stringed GUITEAU ing the human voice, and much esteemed in Spain and Italy. It was first introduced into the former country from the East by the Moors. It has six strings, and the sound is produced by the fingers of the right hand twitching the strings, while the fingers of the left hand make the notes of the music on the fingerboard, which has frets across it. The three highest strings of the guitar are always of gut, and the three lowest are of silk spun over with silvered wire.
The greatest virtuosi on the guitar have been Giuliani, Sor, Zocchi, Stoll, and Horetzsky.