Guiscard
ROBERT (gēs-kär'), Duke of Apulia and Calabria; born near Coutances, Normandy, about 1015; won great renown in south Italy as a soldier, and after the death of William and Humphrey was proclaimed Count of Apulia. Guiscard next captured Reggio and Cosenza (1060), and thus conquered Cala bria, in the possession of which he was confirmed by Pope Nicholas II. Robert now became the Pope's champion, and along with his younger brother Roger waged incessant war against Greeks and Saracens in south Italy and Sicily, both of which gradually fell under their arms, the latter being, however, given to Roger as count. The closing years of his life were occupied in fighting against Alexius Comnenus, who had deposed Michael VII. from the throne of Constantinople. He died in Cephalonia, July 17, 1085.
GUISE (güez), a town of the department of Aisne, France, on the Oise, 25 miles E. N. E. of St. Quentin. Within the town are the ruins of a castle, from which the famous Dukes of Guise derived their title. The iron works are GUISE "Familistère," of which the first portion dwellings on the associated plan. This and the workmen are provided with dwellings on the associated "Familistère," of which the first portion was erected by the initiator of the exted plan. This periment, M. Godin, in 1859-1860, cost about $400,000, and provides accommodation for 2,000 persons. man forces in 1914 in their drive on room. The town was occupied by Ger- Paris. tive store, and a library and reading ducal family of Lorraine, which it de- GUISE, the name of a branch of the The town was occupied by Ger- Paris. room.
Within the