Indirect Lighting
a system in which the source of light is hidden behind opaque screens or shades, the light rays being diffused by reflection from ceiling or walls. Semi-indirect lighting is accomplished by the use of translucent bowls or screens which conceal the lighting units and prevent direct glare. The indirect system has grown in popularity both on account of the distracting effects of direct lighting and for esthetic reasons.
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COURT, a tribunal established by the State of Kansas for adjudicating industrial disputes which involve the interests or welfare of the public. It consists of three judges, one of whom is appointed annually by the governor. In case of any controversy arising in certain specified industries, such as those concerned with the manufacture of foodstuffs or clothing, the production of fuel, transportation, or the public utilities, all of which are declared to be affected with a public interest, and in case such controversy shall reach the point where continuity or efficiency of service is endangered, the court is empowered to investigate the trouble and issue such orders as are necessary to preserve the public peace and welfare. It may order changes in conditions of labor, fix a minimum wage or a standard of wages, and its orders must be observed by the parties to the dispute, but with the right to have an immediate hearing on appeal to the Supreme Court. In case of suspension of operations in any of the industries covered by the law, the court is authorized to take legal measures for operating and controlling such industry through the emergency. The Industrial Relations Court has been widely discussed throughout the country, being upheld on one hand as the natural solution of the problem of injurious strikes and lockouts, and, on the other hand, being denounced as an interference with the rights of both capital and labor. In the number of cases brought before the court in 1920 and 1921, the complainants included labor unions, corporations, and State officials.
INSTITUTE OF POLITICS IRISH FREE STATE when President De Valera of the Dail Eireann accepted an invitation to a conference in London with the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George. The London con-