Jesuit
a companion of the Society of Jesus, the most celebrated ecclesiastical order of modern times. The great religious revolution of the 16th century ran through the three stages which tend to occur in revolutions in general. First, there was a moderate departure from the previously existing state of things; then the Anabaptists burst loose from control, and went into extravagances and excesses. Reaction then became inand went into extravagances Reaction then became inexcesses. evitable, and if a suitable leader should arise was bound to become powerful.
That leader was found in Don Inigo Lopez de Recalde, generally known from MOSQUE OF OMAR, JERUSALEM nitaries to furnish amusement by their real or affected folly, and hence commonly called court fools. It is not known when they first became a feature of European courts but in the reign of William the Conqueror, an almost contemporary historian, Maître Wace, has left a curious account of the preservation of William's life, when he was only Duke of Normandy, by his fool Goles.
Other fools whose names have descended are the Hitard of Edmund Ironside, the Will Somers of Henry VIII., Archie Armstrong, and in France Caillet and Triboulet in the time of Francis I., and Chicot in the reign of Henry III. Triboulet figures in Rabelais, and is the hero of Hugo's "The King Amuses Himself" and of Verdi's "Rigoletto." The last private person to keep a fool in England is said to have been Sir Pexall Brocas, who died in 1630 the castle of Loyola, where he was born, in 1491, as Ignatius Loyola. He became an officer of great bravery in the army.
Dreadfully wounded in 1521 while defending Pampeluna against the French, and long confined in consequence to a sick bed, he saw the vanity of the world, and resolved on a devotedly religious life. At the University of Paris, he made converts of two fellow students who lodged with him, one a youth of aristocratic descent, Francis Xavier, afterward the Apostle of the Indies. In 1534 he and they, with four others, seven in all, formed a kind of religious society, the members of which preached through the country. On Aug. 15 of that year they took vows of chastity, absolute poverty, devotion to the care of Christians, and to the conversion of infidels. This was the germ of the Jesuit order. A soldier, he bethought him of an army in which inferiors should give implicit obe- In the East the office of jester existed Vol. V Vol. V-Cyc-Q an the In 1764 rance, and March 31, Ecok it in nish Ameri the Two agth, on a bull Bu Aust in 1901. in there tholic high States is the Jesuits a certain because born in 884, ret k City Mis which be mrch in of the Rev Pointn s a founde an Associ president Metro JESUIT'S BARK