Junker
WILHELM (yöng'ker), a German traveler; born of German parents in Moscow, Russia, April 6, 1840. He studied medicine in Göttingen, Berlin, and Prague. Proceeding to Tunis and Egypt, in 1874, he in 1876-1878 made a series of explorations among the W. tributaries of the Upper Nile, going as far S. as the Kibbi, a feeder of the Welle.
In 1879 he started from Cairo to explore the basin and course of the river Welle- Makua. This river was eventually (end of 1887) proved by Captain Van Gèle to be identical with the Ubangi, a righthand affluent of the Kongo. Junker published "Travels in Africa" (1889), and died in St. Petersburg, Russia, Feb. 13, 1892.
JUNKERS (yöng'kurz), the name commonly given to the younger members of the nobility of Prussia and the adjoining states. "Junkerthum" was a term of reproach used in the 19th century to designate the party of reaction in Prussia, which found its most strenuous supporters among the nobility. The sponsibility for starting the World War of 1914-1918 has generally been laid to re- ANDOCHE JUNOT France, Oct. 23, 1771. He entered the army as a volunteer in 1792. His courage at Toulon caught the eye of Napoleon, and he carried him with him to Egypt as adjutant. At Nazareth he covered himself with glory by putting to flight 10,000 Turks with but 300 horse. ris, From in ings and acqu gal, and ats, becat ted on ac norcat B de-yeary at was He consid and of th pe er ear AU- 84sky al d 3 0 sented throne, ready with ex scenter the cold For Ju In as solar sy tor is tance f miles. that of tance 483,000, travelin require to Jupit its axis which is Though JUNTA In 1804 he was made governor of Paris, and, after a short stay as ambassador in Lisbon, was given in 1807 the command of the army for the invasion of Portugal, where he soon won all the strong points.
For his brilliant success he was created Duc d'Abrantès, and appointed governor of Portugal. He was so severely defeated by Wellington at Vimiera that he was obliged to conclude a convention at Cintra and retire from Portugal. He subsequently served in Germany and Russia, and was made one of the scapegoats for the Great Russian disaster, and sent to govern Illyria. He died near Dijon, July 29, 1813. His wife, LAU- RETTE DE SAINT-MARTIN-PERMON (1784- 1838), the accomplished and recklessly extravagant Duchesse d'Abrantès, gained a reputation in the literary world by her "Memoirs" (1831-1835).
JUNTA (Spanish an assembly), in Spain, a high council of state; it was originally applied to an irregularly summoned assembly of the states, as distinguished from the Cortes or Parliament regularly called together by the authority of the king. In Cuba the term was adopted by the insurgents to designate the general legation of the Cuban republic abroad. This legation or junta was first appointed Sept. 19, 1895, by the Constituent Assembly that formed the insurgent Cuban government, which at the same time made T. Estrada Palma head of the junta and chief Cuban representative abroad.