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Manchester Ship Canal
conment in 1885. Work began in 1887. The project was first sanctioned by Parlia- open sea by means of ship traffic. The waterworks supplied by gravity from Lake Massabesic, electric light and street necting Manchester, England, with the railroad plants, several National banks, open sea by means of ship traffic. The daily and weekly newspapers, and more than 30 churches. The chief industrial ment in 1885. Work began in 1887. The shoes, etc. Pop. (1910) 70,063; (1920) nd Amory cotton mills. formed in 1894. The canal is 35 miles Manchester, and The city also has manufactories of loco motives, fire engines, machinery, hosiery, shoes, etc. Pop. (1910) 70,063; (1920) 78,384.
MANCHESTER, a city in Lancaster cluding Salford, a suburban town on the the Mersey, 31 miles E. of Liverpool. Inlarge plain, covering over 3,000 acres, W. bank of the Irwell, it stands in a and is the center of the cotton trade of surrounded with hills except on the W., large plain, covering over 3,000 acres, surrounded with hills except on the W., and is the center of the cotton trade of Great Britain, and one of the principal manufacturing cities in the world. The Irk and the Medlock join the Irwell near the town, and are of the greatest advantage to it. The MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL (q. v.) has greatly dev city's industrial importance. Factories and warehouses are numerous and of gideveloped the gantic proportions. The principal among its public buildings are the Exchange, gantic proportions. The principal among built in the Doric style; the Town Hall, an elegant building of Ionic architecture, formed on the model of the Temple of Erectheus at Athens, and the Corn Ex- formed on the model of the Temple of an elegant building of Ionic architecture, change. It has also several educational institutions, one of which, the college founded by Humphrey Chatham in 1665, institutions, one of which, the college contains a large library. There are, besides, several public libraries and a number of associations for promoting liter- sides, several public libraries and a num- contains a large library. There are, beature and science. It is as a manufacturing city that Manchester derives its importance, being the great center of the cotton manufacture of England. Besides the population connected with the factories, which almost absorb the plain goods trade, the principal articles mangoods trade, the principal articles man- tories, which almost absorb the plain the population connected with the faccalicoes, checks, tickings, jeans, shirtings, ginghams, quiltings, handkerchiefs, nankeens, diapers, muslinets, muslins, cambrics, and almost every kind of fancy cotton and silk goods. The spinning trade is extensive, and considerable quantities of yarn are annually exported.
Manchester derives considerable advantages from the almost inexhaustible coal fields in its neighborhood, and from the canals and railways which connect it with different parts of the country and the E. fields in its neighborhood, and from the different parts of the country and the E. canals and railways which connect it with long, and the expenditure was over $60,- 000,000. One of its int is a swing aqueduct, which, including the water contained it, weighs 1,600 tons water contained in it, weighs 1,600 tons, is a swing aqueduct, which, including the 000,000. One of its interesting features interesting ng features this being the first of its kind ever constructed.
Shing-King), a Chinese territory occupying the N. E. corner of the empire; bounded on the N. and E. by the Amur and Usuri, which separate it from the this being the first of its kind ever conprovinces of Irkutsk, Mongolia, and Chihli, on the S. by the Gulf of Leaotong, the Yellow Sea, and Korea; it is divided into Russian territory; on the W. by the three provinces, Shing-King, Feng-Tien, or Leaotong in the S. (of which Mukden is the capital), Kirin in the center (with Lung-Kiang in the N. (with capital Tsitsihar); total area, 362,310 square a capital of the same name), and Hemiles; pop. (est.) 13,000,000. The country is mountainous, but on the whole fertile. The climate is good; though the winters are severe, they are healthy and bracing. The vast forests of the N. are rich in useful timber of all kinds. The winters are severe, they are healthy and fertile. The climate is good; though the try is mountainous, but on the whole barley, and wheat. The vine, indigo, cotton, tobacco, etc., are cultivated. The administration is military, the governors nate to the governor of Mukden. The Manchus are a hardy race and their country has long been the great reof the two N. provinces being subordicotton, tobacco, etc., are cultivated. The but of late years vast numbers of Chinese proper have flocked into it, so that now they by far outnumber the native race. invaded China and placed their leader's son on the throne. From that time until the final deposition of the Manchu dynasty, China continued in nominal rule
In the 17th century the Manchus of the country. berian Railroad in 1901, Russia began an aggressive attempt to control Manchuria.
The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 furnished an With the completion of the Trans-Siexcuse for the sending of Russian forces into the province. These were not withdrawn after the disturbances had been quieted, although the Russian Government had promised would not be permanent. Japan, which al sed that the occupation MANCHUS so coveted the economic control of this vast area, viewed possible Russian absorption with great hostility, and fear of this was one of the chief causes of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905. By the treaty of Portsmouth, signed in 1905, both Russia and Japan pledged themselves to evacuate Manchuria, except as regarded Kwang-Tung in which, with the consent of China, Japan succeeded to the Russian lease and rights. By the terms of the treaty, Russia also turned over to Japan a portion of the Manchurian Railway, terminating at Port Arthur. MANDINGO Manco, succeeded his brother, who was put to death by Pizarro, 1533, and after some years of warfare was killed by the Spaniards.
MANDALAY (man'da-lā), the capital of the district of Upper Burma; situated in a level plain about two miles from the left bank of the Irrawaddy. It consists of four concentric quadrangles, of which under native rule the inner most contained the palace, etc.; the second, which was surrounded by a moat and walls, contained the houses of the government officials, soldiers, etc.; while outside dwelt the general body of the people. Pop. about 140,000.
MANDAMUS (-dā'-), a writ issued by a superior court and directed to some inferior tribunal, or to some corporation or person exercising public authority, commanding the performance of some specified duty.
In spite of promises thus given, both Russia and Japan continued, following the war, their attempts to dominate in Manchuria. These attempts, however, have been peaceful and are covered by a practical agreement to divide the territory into Russian and Japanese "spheres of influence." In 1915 Japan obtained from China, practically by force, further concessions in Manchuria, including possession of the South Manchurian Railway. Special privileges were also granted to Japanese subjects in South Man-vation, North Dakota. A prosperous churia, with preference to the Japanese in respect to serving as foreign advisers or instructors in financial, military, and police matters. Indications were at the close of the World War that Japan, unless prevented by the concerted action of the Great Powers, would finally control the greater part of Manchuria. The Russian control of the northern part of the province, owing to the chaotic condition in the Russian government, became loosened. China had by 1920 ceased to have more than a nominal control over the province.