Marinduque
one of the Philippine Islands, in the Visayan Sea. It has an area of 667 square miles. The interior contains some large forests with good grazing grounds. The principal industries are cattle raising and the cultivation of rice and hemp. The inhabitants consist mostly of Tagalogs. In 1902 the island was annexed to the island of Mindoro. Pop . about 52,000.
MARINE ARCHITECTURE.
SHIPBUILDING.
See MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORA- TORY, a government experiment station maintained at Woods Hole, Mass.
MARINE CORPS. See NAVY, UNITED STATES; MARINES. ; MARINES .
MARINE ENGINEERING. Marine engineering is that branch of the science of engineering which has to do with all ship machinery. ship machinery. Originally a marine enwho designed and installed the propulsive machinery of the ship, in contrast to the naval architect who designed the ship itself, the profession of marine engineering is who designed the ship itself, but now engineering is understood to include the designing and installation of all ship machinery, propulsion engines, boilers, propellers, reduction, reduction gears for turbine drives, electrical electrical systems, refrigerating systems, booms, freight handling devices of all types , and control systems.
The desire to use power for the propulsion of vessels long preceded its successof vessels long preceded its successful accomplishment . There are now in existence many early plans, but most of wheels, attached to various parts of the a suitable engine did not exist. Paddle boat, and even screw propellers, were suggested suggested by the early inventors. A Papin of Blois, about 1707 constructed and navigated with indifferent ent success a boat propelled by steam, years later a boat designed by the Marquis de Jouffroy operhalf. The introduction of the double-act- ated on the Saone for about a year and a ing steam engine by Watt in 1782 furheretofore been lacking, and caused sev- nished the necessary power, which had eral experimental steamboats to be conwheeled boat built by John Fitch, which in 1788 ran from Philadelphia to Burlington at a sustained rate of speed of over six miles per hour, may be considered the first successful applicathe "Clermont," a side-wheeled boat built tion of steam power to navigation, and under the direction of Robert Fulton in 1807, which plied between New York and mercial application of this venture.
Albany, was the first successful comgan to give way to screw-propelled ves- The side-wheel type of ocean vessel bevessel besels about 1850 because, in the case of merchant merchant vessels, the screw allowed a in depth than did the paddle wheels. in ratio to horse power, the compound In the struggle for decrease of weight and the triple and quadruple expansion engines were introduced. Modern practice has displayed a distinct tice has displayed a distinct leaning topropulsion. In many modern ships, oil ward the turbine engine for steamship is used for fuel in place of coal, because it is more easily handled and stowed than is coal.
Because a turbine will operate economods, such as gearing and electric dynamoically only at high speed, various meth- , various methmotor sets, are employed to secure the proper proper propeller speed.
Great War and determined to put ship- When the United States entered the building upon basis, standardization of marine machina quantity production lution of this phase of the problem and ery was found to be the only possible soso, as was the case in other war induslution of this phase of the problem and tries, the problem of the marine engineer during the period of the war was the increase of production rather than the improvement of design.