Mazzini
GIUSEPPE (mät-sēnē), an Italian patriot; born in Genoa, June 28, 1805; was graduated at the University of Genoa (1826); admitted to the bar there. After six months' imprisonment on the charge of conspiring against the government, he left Italy and resided in succession in Marseilles, Paris, and London, whence he agitated for the liberation of Italy. At the outbreak of the revolution of 1848 he returned to Italy, where he became a member of the triumvirate in the republic of Rome, but was again exiled at the restoration of the papal power (1849). He afterward organized risings in Mantua (1852), Milan (1853), and Genoa (1857), though in the unification of Italy (except Venice and the "Patrimony of Peter") under Victor Emmanuel (1861) his part was subordinate. In 1870 he engaged in an insurrection at Palermo and was captured, but afterward released at the general amnesty after the occupation of Rome. He wrote much in English and French. His "Memoirs" were printed in 1875; "Complete Works" (18 vols. 1861- 1891). He died in Pisa, Italy, March 10, 1872.