Moton
ROBERT RUSSA, American educator; born in Virginia, Aug. 26, 1867.
Graduated at Hampton Institute, 1890:
Officer of Hampton Institute, 1890-1915.
Succeeded Booker T. Washington to the presidency of Tuskegee Institute, Dec. 20, 1915. Secretary Negro School Fund Board since 1908. President of the Negro Organization Society since 1912. Trustee People's le's Village School, Mt.
Meigs, Ala., and of the Home for Colored Girls, committee of the National Negro Business Men's League, 1917. Major of the Hampton Battalion for 10 years. Author "Racial Good Will" (1916). nese statesman; born in the ken of Saga in 1862, he was sent as a student to this size is exceeded, the craft becomes else its type may determine.
About 1885, before the successful boating, various types of expansion enadaptation of the internal combustion to boating, various types of expansion ennaphtha and alcohol vapor, and were, as a class, known as naphtha engines. The action of these engines was similar to a than the explosion of the vapor, was utilsteam engine in that expansion, rather under a boiler, and generated into a steam engine in that expansion, rather vapor which was piped to the engine. than steam, and lighter and more reliable type of power plant was lighter under a boiler, and generated into a than the then existing internal-combusfurnished to an electric motor by storage tion engines. Boats in which power was the Chicago World's Fair, and a line of tion engines. Boats in which power was small passenger-boats with this equipthe Chicago World's Fair, and a line of MOTOR BOAT Bay, near Rochester, New York, about 1893, and continued to do so for years, with complete technical and commercial success. However, the perfection and adaption of the internal-combustion engine with its many advantages has forced both the electric motor and the naphtha engine into almost complete disuse as a type of power for motor boats.
The advantages of the internal-com- MOTOR CYCLE the multiplane, the bottom of which is a series of small lifting planes and steps; the monoplane, which has a flat bottom and no step; and the biplane, which has a single step and two planes. The best shape and the number of planes is a subject of experimentation and controversy.
The speed attained by many of these boats is remarkable. The record made at MOTOR BOAT: 30-FT. RUNABOUT bustion engine are: its comparatively small weight per horse power, its simplicity, reliability, small size, and the fact that it can be readily ily installed in almost any part of a boat.
In its commercial application, the motor boat has taken the place of the cumbersome steam engine and the unreliable sail for small passenger and freight service, for fishing, towing, lobstering, and oyster dredging. In the early days of the motor boat, more attention was paid to the means of propulsion than to the lines of the boat itself, and the boats resembled yachts, rowboats, or even ocean liners, but recent years have seen the development of a new branch of naval architecture which has created a small boat which is dry, seaworthy, graceful, and has small resistance to the water. In the pleasure boat field, the development of design has been in three distinct fieldsthe open boat, the cruiser, and the speed boat.
The early tendency in designing a speed boat was to create a long, narrow, high-powered displacement craft, but of late years this type of craft has been superseded by the hydroplane, a boat which glides over the water rather than through it. Successful experiments with boats of this type date back as far as 1897, when de Lambert operated his steam-powered glider. Peter Cooper Hewitt, W. H. Fauber, Americans, and Enrico Forlanini, Italian, were largely instrumental in the modern hydroplane, There are various types of hydroplanes- Lake George, New York, in 1917 by the "Whip-poor-will, Jr.," of an average of 69.38 miles per hour for six one-hour trials stood for a long time.