Philippe
a French general, born 1856; educated in Saint Cyr Military Academy, and Ecole Superieure de Guerre. Entering the army, he was rapidly promoted on account of his reattack which drove them back and defeated them decisively. In recognition of this deed, he was made a marshal of France. In April, 1917, he became Chief of Staff, and a month later became French Commander-in-Chief, which position he held until the unification of all Allied forces under General Foch, in April, 1918, when he became a member of the General Staff. He visited the United States in 1920.