Roland
MANON JEANNE PHILI- PON, MADAME, wife of Jean Marie and herself the spirit of the Girondin party; the daughter of a Paris engraver; born in that city, March 17, 1754. She was the only child of nine, left to the MADAME ROLAND care of her father, who provided her with masters regardless of expense and gave her a brilliant education; the best grounds for which existed in her native talents, her firm spirit, her personal beauty, and her undoubted virtues. Antiquities, heraldry, philosophy, and, among other books, the Bible, made up her earliest studies; her favorite authors, however, were Plutarch, Tacitus, Montaigne, and Rousseau. She became the wife of Roland in 1781.
She became the sharer in all his studies, ing his two ministries acted as his secre- tary and entered into all the intrigues aided him in editing his works, and during his two ministries acted as his secretary and entered into all the intrigues of his party without debasing herself by their meanness. After the flight of her husband, Madame Roland was arrested by order of the Paris Commune under the dictation of Marat and Robespierre, and consigned to the Abbaye prison, from which, on Oct. 31, she was removed to a more wretched abode in the Conciergerie.
When sentenced at the bar of Fouquier Tinville she was eager to embrace her fate. She declared her conviction that her husband would not survive her. (He committed suicide.) On the scaffold she apostrophized the statue of liberty nearmiscellaneous works, Madame Roland left "Memoirs" composed during her captivity, and a last affecting composition in the mitted in thy name!"
Besides her miscellaneous works, Madame Roland left "Memoirs" composed during her captivity, and a last affecting composition in the "Counsels of a Letter," addressed to her little girl. She was executed Nov. 8, 1793.
ROLAND DE LA PLATIÈRE, JEAN MARIE, a French statesman; born in Villefranche, France, Feb. 18, 1734; was inspector-general of manufactures and commerce in that city when the French inspector-general of manufactures and that city when the French commerce in that Revolution commenced, and having embraced popular principles became, in 1790, member of the Lyons municipality. In February, 1791, he was sent to Paris as deputy extraordinary to defend the commercial interests of Lyons in the committees of the Constituent Assembly, and remained there seven months, accompanied by his gifted wife. The practical philosophy, hy, commercial knowledge, and strict simplicity of Roland, recommended him to men of all parties, and when the patriot ministry was formed in March, 1792, he was made minister of the interior. He kept his position till June 13, when the royal veto on the proposal to form a patriot camp around Paris, and on the decree against the priests, provoked his celebrated letter to the king, written, however, by Madame Roland, and as a consequence, his almost instant dismissal. This event was followed by the arrival of the Marseillais in Paris, and the conflict at the Tuileries, on Aug. 10, when Roland was recalled, and Danton became minister of justice. The struggle when Roland was recalled, and Danton pality under the guidance of Robespierre filled up the period till May 31; the former party were then vanquished, and Robecame minister of justice. The struggle their lives by flight. He found an asylum with his friends at Rouen, but deliberately killed himself with his cane sword on hearing of the execution of his wife, Nov. 15, 1793. in Cornell and in Athens. From 1882 to 1885 he was instructor of Latin in Cornell, and he occupied the same post ican educator, born in Lawrence, Mass., in 1859, the son of William J. Rolfe.
He graduated from Harvard University in 1881 and took post-graduate studies in Cornell and in Athens. From 1882 to 1885 he was instructor of Latin in Cornell, and he occupied the same post at Harvard in 1889-90. From 1890 to 1902 he was on the faculty of the University of Michigan, and from 1902 was professor of the Latin language and literature at the University of Pennsylvania. He edited various text-books and was a frequent contributor to scientific magazines. WILLIAM JAMES, an ROLFE, Edition," in 20 volumes (1870-1883), and a "School Edition," in 40 volumes. He also published: "Shakespeare, the Boy," annotated editions of selections Mass., Dec. 10, 1827. He was a distinguished Shakespearian scholar, and published many editions of Shakespeare, annotated; among them "The Friendly Edition," in 20 volumes (1870-1883), n," in 40 volumes. and a "School Edition,' He also published: "Shakespeare, the worth, Gray, Goldsmith other English poets, and "Tales from English Boy," annotated editions of selections from Tennyson, Scott, Browning, Words- History." He died July 7, 1910.