Scarron
PAUL (Skär-rông'), rheumatic attack, in which he was treated PAUL SCARRON by a quack doctor, he became an invalid for life, deformed and contorted, and suffering continual pain. His best work 1657, but never completed), the story of a band of strolling actors. In this novel is the "Comic Romance" (2 vols. 1651- Scarron draws on Spanish sources, as he is the "Comic Romance" (2 vols. 1651a band of strolling actors. In this novel 1657, but never completed), the story of SCENIC SCHAMYL menia"; "The Scholar of Salamanca." 60 feet. It is one of the most striking His travesty of the Æneid (1648-1653) waterfalls in Europe. was in its day regarded as a masterpiece of genuine burlesque humor. He married in 1652, Françoise d'Aubigné, who afterward, as Mme. de Maintenon, became the wife of Louis XIV. He died in Paris, Oct. 6, 1660.
SCENIC AND HISTORIC PRESER- VATION SOCIETY, American, a national organization having for its purpose the protection of American scenery. The society was incorporated by the legislature of New York in 1895 and since that date has succeeded in safeguarding many valuable landmarks in the United States. Among other things it brought about the purchase of the New York State park at Stony Point as well as of Washington's Headquarters in New York City. It was through the activity of the society that a state reservation was brought into existence at Watkins Glen, and that laws were passed to protect Niagara. It has charge also of landmarks and historic places such as Philipse Manor Hall.
SCHAFF (shaf), PHILIP, an American clergyman; born in Chur, Switzerland, Jan. 1, 1819. He studied at Tübingen, Halle, and Berlin; lectured in the latter university in 1842-1844, and then went to America, where he was professor in the theological seminary of the German Reformed Church at Mercersburg, Pa. (1844-1863). In 1864-1869 he was lecturer in several theological institutions, and after 1870 was Professor of Sacred Literature in Union Theological Seminary, New York. He was a prolific writer, his works including: "History of the Apostolic Church"; "Life and Labors of St. Augustine"; "Through Bible Lands"; "History of the Christian SCHAMYL (i. e., Samuel), chief of the Lesghians and leader of the independent tribes in the Caucasus in their 30 years' struggle against Russia; born in Aul-Himry, northern Daghestan in 1797.
He became a priest or mollah, and labored with zeal and religious fervor to compose the numerous feuds of the Caucasian tribes and unite them in antagonism to their common enemy, the infidel Russians.
He was one of the foremost in the defense of Himry against the Russians in 1831, In the end of 1834 he was elected "imam," or head of the Lesghians, and soon made himself absolute temporal and spiritual chief of the tribes of Daghestan. He at the same time introduced a change of military tactics, abandoning open warfare for surprises, ambuscades, etc., which brought numerous, and sometimes great, successes to the arms of the mountaineers. In 1839 the Russians succeeded in hemming Schamyl into Achulgo in Daghestan, took the fortress by storm, and put every one of the defenders to the sword in order to be quite certain that Schamyl should not escape. But by some mysterious means he did escape, and suddenly appeared preaching with more vigor than ever the "holy war against the infidels." Ten years later he again escaped from the same stronghold after the Russians had made themselves masters of it. The Russians were com- Church"; "Creeds of Christendom"; peace was signed the Russians resumed "Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge" (Schaff-Herzog), etc. He was president of the American Committee on Bible Revision in 1871. He died in New York City, Oct. 20, 1893.