Socialists
CHRISTIAN, a name first taken by a small group of English reformers, in the forties of the last century, led by Vansittart Neale, Tom Tom Hughes, author of "Tom Brown's Schooldays," and Canon Charles Kingsley , the noted novelist. They attached the "Christian" to their Socialism to distinguish themselves from the revolutionary Socialists led by Marx and Engels, and to indicate their repudiation of Robert Owen's atheism, whose economic theories, however, they adopted in large part They are undoubtedly the natural prede- 1 SOCIAL SCIENCE cessors of the modern Syndicalists, in that they believed that the workers should own the tools of production. This they wished to bring about by establishing self-governing workshops, which should be owned by the employes and the profits of which should be divided among the same employes. Their experiments never showed the vitality of growth, and the movement, also known under the name of productive co-operation and co-partnership, is today practically dead. More recently a group of Marxian Socialists has appeared, which bases its propaganda on the belief that the teachings of Christ were essentially Socialistic, in that they advocated the brotherhood of man and denounced the possession of riches. This point of view is most ably expounded in Bouck White's "The Call of the Carpenter" (1912).