South Africa
UNION OF Census of 1921. - Audited census figures, published 1922, give the total population of the South African Union in 1921 as 6,928,580. The white population was 1,519,488; colored population 5,409,- 092. Compared with the figures of 1911 , the white population showed an increase of over 19 per cent in ten years, while the colored population increased about 15 per cent. Following are the figures SPAIN for each of the provinces: Cape of Good Hope, white, 650,609, colored, 2,132,110; Natal, white, 136,833, colored, 1,292,500; Orange Free State, white, 188,556, colored, 440,271; Transvaal, white, 543,485, colored, 1,544,151.
History 1922.- What has been called the gravest crisis in South Africa since the Boer War arose in the early part of 1922 in connection with a strike in the Rand mines. Fighting began on March 10th, when the strikers, reinforced by commandos of Boer farmers, took possession of the suburbs of Johannesburg as well as other places, the movement developing into open rebellion fomented by Bolshevist agitators. Martial law was proclaimed by the government and military forces at length succeeded in putting down resistance, but only after several hundred strikers and soldiers had been killed or wounded. Native African workers took no part in the rebellion, which was later repudiated by the Mine Workers' Union.
SPAIN. A struggle between the civil authorities and the army juntas or military committees resulted in January, 1922, in the victory of the former, represented by the cabinet of Senor Antonio Maura. The military committees submitted in writing, after having been responsible since 1917 for repeated changes and disorders in the government. On November 14, 1922, a decree was read in the Spanish Cortes formally abolishing the juntas and forbidding any army officer to enter into associations of a military character outside of the regular army service. Constitutional guarantees were restored throughout Spain at the end of March, 1922, after having been suspended in a number of inces for over three years, and further liberal advances were promised by the forming of a coalition of liberal parties, April 8th. The coalition program includes constitutional reform, internal economic and social development, and the elaboration of a new civil and military policy in Morocco, where Spanish operations since 1920 have proved costly and damaging to the national prestige. (See MOROCCO.) Premier Maura was succeeded March 8, 1922, by Sanchez Guerra, Liberal Conservative, who in turn was succeeded December 11, 1922, by the Marquis d'Alhucenas, Liberal leader.
SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY.
Post-war Cable Distribution. - By the treaty of Versailles Germany renounced in behalf of herself and her nationals all rights and titles to former German cables, most of which had been SUGGESTION seized or cut during the World War. A total of 20,000 miles of these cables was afterward divided up and allocated among the principal Allied and Associated Powers, their value being_credited to the Reparations account. Two important German-American cables which were cut and diverted by France and England in the war continued to be held by these countries under the reparations clause, the former Emden-New -New York cable having been diverted by England to Halifax; while in the Pacific a controversy arose over the cable from Guam to Shanghai, constituting part of an important line between the United States and China and which passed through the small Pacific island of Yap, assigned to Japan as a mandatory power. This controversy was settled at the Washington conference by a treaty between the U. S. and Japan, granting to the former free access to Yap in all that relates to the operation of the Guam-Yap cable or any other cable which the U. S. may hereafter lay to Yap. It was estimated at the end of 1922 that there were in operation 530 submarine cables with a total length of 242,195 miles. About 135,000 miles were owned by Great Britain and 71,000 miles by the United States.