South Carolina
a State in the South Atlantic Division of the North SOUTH CAROLINA, a State in the American Union; bounded b lina, Tennessee, Georgia, and the Atlan- American Union; bounded by North Carotic Ocean; number of counties, 40; capital, Colum- tic Ocean; one of the original 13 States; n; one of the original 13 States; bia; area, 30,170 square miles; population (1910) 1,515,400; (1920) 1,683,724. Topography. The State has a seaboard of 210 miles, and running W. from this is a low, sandy, and in places, marshy plain, from 80 to 100 miles wide.
Beyond the plain is what is known as the middle country, consisting of low sand hills. A series of terraces rises W. of this and terminates in the Blue Ridge Mountains, passing through the N. W. of The highest elevation in the State. by North Caro- South Carolina is Table Mountain, 4,000 feet, on the Tennessee border. The prin- South Carolina is Table Mountain, 4,000 and is formed by the junction of the cipal river, the Santee, is 150 miles long, hornblende, slates, limestones and clay.
A small amount of gold is produced, as phate rock, granite, and clay products. The chief mineral products are phoswell as some silver, iron ore and lime. phate rock, granite, and clay products.
The total value of the mineral output is well as some silver, iron ore and lime. about $
1,500,000_annually. either loam or clay, rich in phosphate, Agriculture. The soil is, as a rule, rice, and sweet potatoes are the chief staples. lime, and potash. Cotton, maize, wheat, grow abundantly along the coast, pine try, and hardwoods the highlands. The
The magnolia and palmetto acreage, production, and value of the corn, 2,340,000 acres, production 37,440,- 000 bushels, value $73,757,000; oats, principal crops in 1919 was as follows: 510,000 acres, production 11,730,000 bushels, value $12,903,000; wheat, 204,- 000 acres, production 1,836,000 bushels, bushels, value $12,903,000; wheat, 204,- 468,000; hay, 275,000 acres, production production 81,000,000 pounds, value $18,nuts, 13,000 acres, production 585,000 bushels, value $1,708,000; potatoes, 27,production 81,000,000 pounds, value $18,value $4,590,000; sweet potatoes, 84,000 000 acres, production 2,295,000 $11,189,000; cotton, 2,881,000 acres, proacres, production 7,560,000 bushels, value 000 bushels, duction 1,475,000 bales, value $263,288,- 000. 1,885 manufacturing establishments in the State. These gave employment to
Manufactures. - In 1914 there were 71,914 wage-earners. The capital investwages was $24,173,000, the value of the materials used $91,009,000, and the value ed was $203,211,000, the amount paid in of the finished product $138,891,000.
The principal industries of the finished product $138,891,000. manufactures, lumber and timber prod- The principal industries were cotton mill products, rice cleaning and polishmanufactures, lumber and timber prodcotton ginning, and brick and tile. SOUTH CAROLINA Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 79 National banks in operation, having $9,605,000 in capital: $7,008,000 in outstanding circulation; and $27,599,- 000 in United States bonds. There were also 342 State banks, with $13,286,000 capital, and $6,062,000 surplus.
Commerce. The imports of merchandise at the port of Charleston in the fiscal year 1920 aggregated in value $13,- 941,871; and the exports $32,474,625.
Education.- School attendance in the State is not compulsory, but the employment of illiterate children in factories or mines is restricted. Separate schools are maintained for white and colored children.
In 1918 there were 194,687 white and 199,780 colored children enrolled in the schools. There were 2,464 public schools for white children and 2,408 schools for negro children. There were 5,620 white teachers and 3,013 negro teachers. The State appropriated in that year for schools $497,500. In 1909 there was enacted an elaborate general school law. The colleges include Claflin College, at Orangeburg; Woffard College, at Spartanburg; Furman University, at Greenville; South Carolina College, at Columbia; and Newberry College, at Newberry. Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the African Methodist; Regular Baptist, Colored; Regular Baptist, South; Methodist Episcopal; Presbyterian, South; Lutheran, United Synod; Protestant Episcopal; Presbyterian, North; Roman Catholic; Disciples of Christ; Associate Presbyterian; and Methodist Protestant.
Railroads. The total length of railroads within the State on Jan. 1, 1919, was 3,824 miles.
Finances. The total receipts for the year ending Dec. 31, 1919, were $7,195,- 109, and the expenditures amounted to $6,913,500. The public debt of the State on Dec. 31, 1919, was $5,577,804.
Charities and Corrections. - The State maintains a number of charitable institutions, including a hospital for the insane, an asylum for the deaf, dumb and blind, 9 orphanages, 10 hospitals, and 10 homes for adults and children, which are maintained chiefly by private charity. State Government. The governor is elected for a term of two years. Legislative sessions are held annually beginning on the second Tuesday in January, and are limited in time to 40 days each. The Legislature has 44 members in the Senate and 124 in the House. There are 7 Representatives in Congress.
History. The first settlement in South Carolina was attempted in 1562 by a colony of French Protestant exiles, who named it Carolina in honor of their SOUTH DAKOTA monarch, Charles IX., King of France.
In 1663, Charles II., King of England, granted a charter to a company of English nobles, and under their auspices the first successful settlement was made at Port Royal, previously founded by the French. In 1680 the foundation of Charleston was laid. During the Revolution important battles occurred at Charleston, Fort Moultrie, Cowpens, Camden, King's Mountain, and Eutaw Springs. The State constitution was adopted in 1776, and the Constitution of the United States was ratified in 1788. South Carolina was the first State to secede from the Union, on Dec. 20, 1860. The first hostile act in the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter, in April, 1861. During the war the State suffered greatly, her harbors were blockaded, and much property was destroyed by the Fed. eral soldiers on the great march under General Sherman. In 1865 the ordinance of secession was repealed and slavery abolished. A new constitution, establishing perfect equality between the white and the colored races, was voted in 1868; and in the same year the ratification of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States being carried by a vote of 18 to 1 in the Senate and 88 to 3 in the House, the State was readmitted to representation in Congress.