Sunday
WILLIAM ASHLEY, an American evangelist, born at Ames, Ia., in 1863.
He was educated at the High School of Nevada, Ia., and at Northwestern University. From 1883 to 1890 he was a professional baseball player with the Chicago, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia teams of the National League; from 1891 to 1895 assistant secretary at the Y. M. C. A., Chicago; and since 1896 he has been continuously engaged in evangelistic services. Although his methods were extremely spectacular and found opposition in many quarters, he met with remarkable success and held meetings in most of the important cities of the United States. In 1903 he was ordained a presbyterian minister by the Chicago Presbytery, which body made him a delegate to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., at Columbus, Ohio, May 1918. to SUNDAY - SCHOOL, according Schaff, "an assembly of persons on the Lord's day for the study of the Bible, moral and religious instruction, and the worship of the true God. It is a method of training the young and ignorant in the duties we owe to God and to our neighbor." Sunday-schools may be said to have passed through three distinct phases: (1) Early (1) Early Christian catechetical schools, for the preparation of converts for church-membership, and the instruction of the young and ignorant in the knowledge of God and of salvation. The scholars committed passages of Scripture Christian SUNDAY-SCHOOL to memory, and their books comprised parts of the Bible in verse, Jewish an- (2) Schools of the Reformation Pe- (2) Schools of the Reformation Period: Luther founded schools for catetom spread wherever the Reformation tom spread wherever the Reformation gained a foothold. In the Roman Church Milan, about 1560 introduced into his diocese a system of schools which continues to the present day; and in 1699 the Venerable de la Salle opened a Sun- day-school (êcole dominicale) at St. Sulday-school (école dominicale) at St. Sulpice. Sunday-schools were opened in Scotland about 1560 by Knox; at Bath, in 1650 by Joseph Alleine; in Roxbury, Mass., in in 1674, and at many other places in Great Britain and America between that date and 1778. (3) Modern Sunday-schools: These date from 1780 or 1781, when Robert Raikes, of Gloucester, England, began to collect a few children from the streets of that city on Sundays, and paid teachers to instruct them in religious knowledge. The improvement in the conduct and morals of the children was so marked that, when Raikes published an account of his success, his example was followed in several other places, and in 1785 a society was formed for the establishment and maintenance of Sunday-schools in all parts of the kingdom, a large sum being expended in the payment of teachers. In 1803 the Sunday-School Union was formed to secure continuous instruction and tracts for the benefit of the cause.
The first Sunday-schools united secular with religious instruction, as did those of of elementary education has to a large extent removed the necessity of teaching reading and writing on Sundays. The Society of Friends has, however, retained the practice in its large Sunday-morning schools, with great benefit as regards influence over the working classes above the age of childhood, and in some of the Wesleyan Sunday-schools, classes for elementary instruction are held early in the morning. Sunday-schools were introduced into Scotland, Ireland, and America in the years immediately following their establishment in England; the Scotch Society for Promoting Religious Instruction among the Poor was formed in 1796, and the Irish Sunday-School Society was founded in 1809, though a system of Sunday teaching had prevailed in Ireland for some years previously. In later times Sunday-schools have rapidly system of Sunday teaching had prevailed tant Churches throughout the world. In 1920 there were in the Sunday-schools of all Protestant_denominations over 200,000 SUNDEW Sunday-schools, over 2,000,000 teachers, and over
20,000,000 pupils. the most S. portion of the Gangetic delta, a vast tract of forest and swamp forming miles; greatest breadth, 81 miles; and at the head of the Bay of Bengal; extreme length along the coast, about 165 is one vast alluvial plain where the conarea, 7,532 square miles. The country is one vast alluvial plain where the conswamps, now gradually filling up, and is ceased. It abounds in morasses and swamps, now gradually filling up, and is claimed tract along the N. border devoted to the cultivation of rice. The unclaimed tract along the N. border devoted to the cultivation of rice. The unreclaimed portion near the sea consists wood traversed by gloomy-looking water courses.
The Sunderbunds abound in wild animals, including numerous tigers, courses. wild animals, including numerous tigers, monkeys, etc., Fish are plentiful, and gether with every description of birds and water fowls, are found. pal and parliamentary borough of Eng- SUNDERLAND, a seaport and municipal and parliamentary borough of England, at the mouth of the Wear, county of Durham, 13 miles N. E. of Durham, the largest town of Durham, and inthe largest town of Durham, and includes nearly the whole of three parishes - Sunderland, Bishopwearmouth, and Monkwearmouth. The town is for the most part new and well built. It has parks, a museum, a free library, a school of art, etc. The principal buildings include St. Peter's, an ancient parish church on the site of the monastery in which the Venerable Bede was educated, many other churches and chapels, two theaters, etc. The river is crossed by the famous cast-iron bridge of one arch (236 feet span), built in 1793 and since reconstructed and strengthened. harbor with its docks covers 78 acres, and its entrance is formed by two stone piers with lighthouses. The staple trade interests of the place are shipping, the coal trade, and ship building, and there are also large factories for the making glass, earthenware, rope, etc. Coal is the chief export; the imports are chiefly timber and grain, with various raw materials and provisions, from the Baltic terials and provisions, from the Baltic The ports and Holland. Pop. (1919) 149,263. which about 100 species are known; often applied specifically to D. rotundifolia, the common sundew, a very remarkable insectivorous plant. The edges of the SUNDEW leaves curve inward, and insects captured are absorbed by the species. The glands, surrounded by drops of a viscid secretion, shine in the sun: hence the name-sundew.
SUNDIAL. See DIAL.