Temporal Power
the power which the Pope exercised as sovereign of the States of the Church. Pius VII. was partially deprived of his dominions by Napoleon I. in 1797, and entirely in 1808.
The Pope replied by a bull of excommu- TEMPORAL POWER nication; he was then arrested and kept a close prisoner in France till the fall of Napoleon in 1814, when he was reina close prisoner in France till the fall of Napoleon in 1814, when he was reinstated in the government of an undimin ished territory. The temporal power was again attacked in 1848, when Pius IX. was driven from Rome, and a republic was established by Mazzini and Gari- baldi. In 1849 General Oudinot was sent by Louis Napoleon, president of the French Republic, to Rome, and his army drove out the revolutionists and brought the Pope back. For 10 years the Pope's power was not attacked, but Cavour (1810-1861) was working steadily for a "United Italy," and in 1870 Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, took possession of the papal territory, leaving the Pope only the Vatican. An annual donation of 2,000,000 lire was guaranteed to him by the Italian Parliament, but he never accepted it. Also, the power exercised by cepted it. Also, the power exercised by municating, and after excommunication deposing or procuring the deposition of a sovereign who had fallen into heresy.