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Vladimir (Province of Russia surrounded)

a province of Russia, surrounded by Jaroslav, Kostroma, Nijni Novgorod, Riazan, Moscow, and Tver; area, 18,862 square miles. The surface consists of level and undulating plains, and the soil is fertile. About 32 per cent. is covered with pine forests.

The whole province is drained by the system of the Oka, which flows for 82 miles through Vladimir, and receives from the left the Kliasma, with its navigable tributary, the Tesa. The largest lake is Plechejevo, which receives the Trubesh, and sends the Great Nerl to the Volga. The principal crops raised are buckwheat, rye, oats, potatoes, pulse, flax, cherries, and onions. In industrial activity, Vladimir ranked next to Moscow and Petrograd before the World War. Its manufactures included paper, crystal, glass, chemicals, brandy, cotton, linen, and woolen fabrics, and metal wares, chiefly knives, chisels, locks, gimlets and reaping hooks. The forests yielded timber, pitch, and tar. A special industry of Vladimir was the manufacture of icons. Pop. about 1,800,000.