Water Colors
pigments prepared as gum arabic. These are made up in rubbed down with water and applied with a brush to paper, ivory, and some the form of small cakes, which are well as gum, and are prepared so as to en other materials. Moist water colors are be kept in small earthenware pans or metallic tubes. Dry cakes require to be earthenware palette or slab, but moist rubbed down with water on a glazed colors can be mixed with water for use rubbed down with water on a glazed by the friction of a brush, so that the colors can be mixed with water for use japanned lid of the box which contains them serves for a palette. The latter are accordingly very convenient for sketch- them serves for a palette. The latter are Artists who used the stained and father of the water-color art;" also, all Paul Sandby, R. A. (1725-1809), often called, though without justification, "the father of the water-color art;" also, all in the last half century, Grimm, Webber, Clevely, Paris, and Rooker. Wheatley, Westall, and Gilpin used water color as growing art. Nicholas Pocock (1749- Cozens, and Dayes greatly promoted the Wright, Mortimer, Gresse, Hearne, J. R.
Cozens, and Dayes greatly promoted the force. John Smith (Warwick Smith) 1831) displayed a new richness and force. John Smith (Warwick Smith) first got beyond the weakness of mere tained great richness of tone and but simple; he massed light and shade breadth; his compositions were grand J. M. W. Turner (1775-1851) soon dis- in broad and sometimes abrupt forms. varw in broad and sometimes abrupt forms.
J. M. W. Turner (1775-1851) soon distanced all his predecessors and contemporaries, and in painting became a new art. He wholly in his hands water-color details are imitated in local color; his work is marked by breadth, fullness, less important names are those of Delaless important names are those of Delamotte, Varley, J. J. C Chalon, A. E.
Liverseege, Cotman, David Cox, Essex, Chalon, Samuel Prout, Peter de Wint, Liverseege, Cotman, David Cox, Essex, Richardson, Newton, Bonington, Copley, Fielding, Robson, W. Hunt, Ross, Harding, Cattermole, Holland, Penley, Lewis, Houghton, and Pinwell; more recent are ding, Cattermole, Holland, Penley, Lewis, Birket Foster, Sir John Gilbert, etc.
Among well-known American water- Birket Foster, Sir John Gilbert, etc. Winslow Homer, J. color painters are:
Francis Murphy, Childe Hassam, Robert color painters are: Winslow Homer, J. Blum, Gif John Sloan, Alexander Wyant, Thure de Thulstrup, etc. There are water-color clubs in New York, Philadelphia and Thulstrup, etc. There are water-color John Sloan, Alexander Wyant, Thure de Gifford Beale, Arthur Davies, other American cities.
The Society of Painters in Water- Color was instituted in 1804; it held its first exhibition in 1805; and its annual Color was instituted in 1804; it held its of the Royal Academy. Formal recognition of its dignity was accorded in 1882, when the society obtained a charter, and became the Royal Society of Painters in Water-Color. There are other similar associations, as the Institute of Painters in Water-Color. An admirable collection illustrative of the history of the art may be studied in the South Kensington Museum. ing from nature.
WATER CRESS. See NASTURTIUM.