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Submarine Varnish

Resin, 2 pure rubber, and not the sulphur-vulcanized parts; galipot, 2 parts; essence of turpentine, article. The pure rubber must be cut into 40 parts. Melt the above, and add, in the small pieces, soaked in the ether in a warm form of very fine powder, and well mixed, place for about 24 hours until they are swollen sulphide of copper, 18 parts; regulus of antiup, and then it must be kneaded in a mortar. mony, 2 parts. This varnish is said to pro- In such a way rubber varnishes may be made tect wood from worms, and to prevent the adeven with common benzine. When treated herence of barnacles and parasites to the botwith hot benzole (from coal tar, not benzine tom of ships. It also preserves iron from oxfrom petroleum), it swells to 30 times its idation. former bulk; and if then triturated with a 2956. Varnish for Iron. The following pestle, and pressed through a sieve, it affords is a method given by M. Weiszkopf, of proa homogeneous varnish, which being applied ducing upon iron a durable black shining varby a flat edge of metal or wood to cloth, pre- nish: Take oil of turpentine, add to it, drop pares it for forming waterproof cloth. Chloro- by drop, and while stirring, strong sulphuric form and the bisulphuret of carbon dissolve acid, until a syrupy precipitate is quite formed, India-rubber and gutta-percha in the cold. and no more of it is produced on further ad- Turpentine disintegrates and dissolves India- dition of a drop of acid. The liquid is now rubber and gutta-percha when hot. The repeatedly washed away with water, every fixed oils also readily dissolve them with the aid of heat. When India-rubber remains sticky after working it, it is a proof that the temperature was too high, or that too much turpentine was used in the solutions or varnishes; turpentine rubber varnish has naturally a tendency to dry sticky; benzole or the fixed oils are better. (See No. 2248.) 2948. Flexible Varnish for Balloons, etc. Digest cold, 14 ounces India-rubber, time renewed after a good stirring, until the water does not exhibit any more acid reaction. on being tested with blue litmus paper. The precipitate is next brought upon a cloth filter, and, after all the water has run off, the syrupy mass is fit for use. This thickish deposit is painted over the iron with a brush; if it happens to be too stiff, it is previously diluted with some oil of turpentine. Immediately after the iron has been so painted, the paint is burnt in by a gentle heat, and, after cool- water; if it soaks into the paper, it is too ing, the black surface is rubbed over with a thin, and needs more isinglass; it should piece of woolen stuff dipped in, and moistened merely dull the surface. Then give the with linseed oil. According to Weiszkopf, drawing 2 or 3 coats, letting it dry between this varnish is not a simple covering of the each, being careful (particularly in the first surface, but it is chemically combined with coat) to bear very lightly on the brush the metal, and does not, therefore, wear or (which should be a flat camel's-hair), from peel off the iron, as is the case with other which the size should flow freely; otherwise, paints and varnishes. the drawing may be damaged. Then take the

2957. Brilliant French Varnish for best mastich varnish, and with it give at least Boots and Shoes. Take 1/4 of a pint spirits 3 coats. This is the method used by many of wine; 5 pints white wine; pound pow-eminent artists, and is found superior to any dered gum senegal; 6 ounces loaf sugar; 2 that has been tried. ounces powdered galls; 4 ounces green cop- 2966. Varnish for Shoes. Put 1/2 peras. Dissolve the sugar and gum in the pound gum shellac, broken up in small pieces, wine. When dissolved, strain; then put it into a quart bottle or jug, cover it with on a slow fire, being careful not to let it boil. alcohol, cork it tight, and put it on a shelf in In this state put in the galls, copperas, and a warm place; shake it well several times a the alcohol, stirring it well for five minutes. day, then add a piece of camphor as large as Then remove from the fire, and, when nearly a hen's egg, shake it well, and in a few hours cool, strain through flannel, and bottle for shake it again and add 1 ounce lampblack. use. It is applied with a pencil brush. If If the alcohol is good it will all be dissolved in not sufficiently black, a little sulphate of iron, 2 days; then shake and use. If it gets too and half a pint of a strong decoction of log- thick, add alcohol, pour out 2 or 3 tea-spoonwood, may be added, with 16 ounce pearlash. 2958. Varnish for Fastening the Leather on Top Rollers in Factories.

Dissolve 24 ounces of gum-arabic in water and a like amount of isinglass dissolved in brandy, and it is fit for use. 2959. Varnish for Engraving on Glass. Wax, 1 ounce; mastich, 1/2 ounce; asfuls in a saucer, and apply it with a small paint brush. If the materials are all good it will dry in about 5 minutes, giving a gloss equal to patent leather, and will be removed only by wearing it off. The advantage of this preparation over others is, it does not strike into the leather and make it hard, but remains on the surface, and yet excludes the water almost perfectly. The same preparaphaltum, & ounce; turpentine, & drachm. tion is admirable for harness, and does not