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To Clean Plated-Ware

Make a paste with whiting and alcohol, apply it to the plated articles, and after it is dry, rub it off with a brush (if rough), or a soft rag, if 506. Το Bleach Yellow Linen. Linen smooth. that has acquired a yellow or bad color by 514. To Remove Rust Spots from careless washing, may be restored to its Marble. Rust spots can be made to disapto disapformer whiteness by working it well in water pear by treatment with a weak solution comsolution comcontaining a clear solution of chloride of lime, posed of 1 part nitric acid and 25 of water, rinsing it well in clean water, both before and and afterward rinsing with waterand ammonia. water and ammonia. after using the bleaching liquor. Never at- 515. To Remove Ink Spots from tempt to bleach unwashed linen, and avoid using the liquor too strong, as in that case the linen will be rendered rotten.

Marble. Ink spots may be removed by first washing with pure water, and then with a weak solution of oxalic acid. Subsequent 1 THE ART OF SOAP-MAKING. polishing, however, will be necessary, as the thus of two kinds, hard and soft, this condilustre of the stone may become dimmed. tion being influenced both by the fat and This can be best secured by very finely alkali employed. The firmer and harder the powdered soft white marble, applied with a fat, the solider will be the resulting soap. linen cloth first dipped in water and then With the same alkali, therefore, tallow will into the powder. If the place be subsequent- make a harder soap than palm or olive oil, ly rubbed with a dry cloth the lustre will be restored. 516. To Remove Copper Spots from Marble. Copper spots may be removed by diluted sulphuric acid and ammonia, and subsequently with water and ammonia. 517. To Remove Match Stains from Marble. Spots from sulphur and phosphorus, caused by lucifer-matches, can be extracted from marble by sulphide of carbon.

The Art of Soap-Making. and stearic acid than oleic acid. But the consistence of soaps depends far more upon the alkali employed. Potash is very deliquescent, that is, has a strong attraction for water. so that when exposed it will absorb it from the air and run down into a fluid or semi-fluid state. The potash retains this water in the condition of soap, so that potash scaps are always liquid and soft. The hard soaps, therefore, all contain soda, those with tallow or stearic acid being the hardest. Potash soaps will not dry, but retain their soft, jellylike condition, while some kinds of soda soap become so hard by drying that at last they can be pulverized. The admixture of a very Soap is a chemical combination of a small quantity of sulphate of soda hardens fatty substance with caustic lye, the base of soap and also checks waste from too rapid which is either potash or soda; the former solubility in hot water. When soda and producing soft, and the latter, hard soaps.