Thigh
The upper part of the hind-leg, bounded beneath by the stifle, and above by the croup.
Wall of the Foot.-[See CRUST.] Well ribbed up. -Descriptive of a horse in which the lower ribs curve well back towards the hind-quarters, and do not leave too much flank exposed. a horse White Stocking. - Descriptive of otherwise dark or brightly-coloured, which has the lower portion of one or more legs white.
Three white stockings, the off fore-leg being dark, is the favourite arrangement of colour among the Bedouins of Arabia.
Withers. The highest point of a horse's back, just behind the neck. [For diseases See VETERINARY WORK.] Bibliography.--Newmarket and Arabia, R. D.
Upton (King), 1873; Les Chevaux dans les Temps Préhistoriques, C. A. Piétremont (Germer, Ballière et Cie., Paris), 1883; Book of the Horse, S. Sidney (Cassell), 1892; Arabian Horse, Major- General W. Tweedie (Blackwood), 1894; Report of the Civil Veterinary Department-Annual Administration, 1892-3, Lieut.-Colonel J. H. B.
Hallen; Naturalist's Library, edited by R. B.
Sharpe, section by Colonel Hamilton Smith (Allen and Co.), 1894-7; Horses Past and Present, Sir W. Gilbey (Vinton), 1900; The British Thoroughbred Horse, W. Allison (Grant Richards), 1901; The Harness Horse, Sir W.
Gilbey (Vinton), 1905; The American Thoroughbred, The American Sportsman's Library, C. E. Trevathan (Macmillan), 1905; The Horse, J. H.
Walsh, 16th edition, revised by H. Leeney (Routledge), 1907; The Horses of the British Empire, edited by Sir H. de Trafford (Southwood), 1908; The Training and Management of Horses, J. P. F. Bell (Craighead, Bros. Galashields), 1904; Training and Horse Management in India, M. H. Hayes, F.R.C.V.S. (Longmans), 1905; Illustrated Horsebreaking, M. F. Hayes (Hurst and Blackett), 1905; The Law of Horses, G. H. H. Oliphant, 6th edition, by C. E. Lloyd (Sweet and Maxwell), 1908; The Art of Horseshoeing, Wm. Hunting, F.R.C.V.S. (Simpkin), 1899; A Text-Book of Horsekeeping for Horseshoers and Veterinarians, A. Lungwitz, translated HOUND BREEDING] from the German, edited by J. W. Adams (Lippincott), 1904; The Clinical Diagnosis of Lameness in the Horse, W. E. A. Wyman (Baillière, Tyndall and Cox), 1898; Veterinary Notes for Horse-Owners, M. F. Hayes (Hurst and Blackett), 1906; Elementary Lectures on Veterinary Science, H. Thompson, M.R.C.V.S. (Baillière, Tyndall and Cox), 1908; Stable Sanitation and Construction, T. E. Coleman, F.S.I. (Spon), 1897; Stable Management and Exercise, M. H.
Hayes (Hurst and Blackett), 1909.
HUNTERS.- [See HUNTING.] HOUND BREEDING. — Of late years the facilities for breeding fox-hounds of high class have been greatly increased. should forget the boon which Mr. Tongue has conferred upon them.
To quote from his preface, "The principles observed by successful breeders of racehorses in the selection of sires and dams that have distinguished themselves on the turf and in the stud, are identical with those laws of nature which govern the procreation of fox-hounds. It will invariably be found that those animals are most to be depended upon for the perpetuation of their species whose genealogy can be traced in the greatest number of direct lines to great celebrities of olden times; the most valuable strains of blood may be readily recognised by reference to the Kennel Stud Book, and THE BELVOIR KENNELS.
Before the Fox-hound Kennel Stud Book was published, the task of the M.F.H. who wished to study the pedigrees of the inmates of other kennels was an arduous one, for unless he could obtain access to the kennel-books of the leading establish ments, he had to content himself with the meagre hound lists that appeared from time to time in the sporting magazines.
Stud Books. - Mr. Cornelius Tongue, perhaps better known as "Cecil," in his preface to the Stud Book, published in 1866, complained of the difficulties that he had met with in procuring trustworthy information from some kennels, but the publication is fairly accurate, and, if the time occupied in tracing a pedigree in his Stud Book compares unfavourably with the ease with which reference can be made to the recent volumes, compiled with such admirable care, yet no lovers of well-bred fox-hounds they will be found to be most copiously diffused throughout those_packs which are in the greatest renown. It is the peculiar. faculty of a highly bred and highly endowed culty animal to convey his type to posterity. An inferior bred hound may evince great superiority in his work, but the qualities of his progeny will be very uncertain. Hence the importance of accurate records of pedigrees."
In the Stud Book which follows, lists are given of fifty-three packs of hounds, with an appendix of the most important sales between 1851 and 1865; in addition to these the appendix contains several interesting pedigrees of famous hounds of the day, including the great "Furrier," known as Mr. Osbaldeston's, which was, however, bred at Belvoir in 1820.
In the succeeding volume of the Foxhound Kennel Stud Book, which covers from 1865 to 1885, it is to be regretted that no hound sales are chronicled; but the book itself is far better arranged in other respects than its predecessor for easy reference, whilst in the volumes published since that [HOUND BREEDING Chapter III. deals entirely with the foxhound, and what he should be in the opinion of the author and others. This chapter is headed by an engraving of the stamp of hound which Mr. Radcliffe considered to BITCH HOUNDS AT THE BELVOIR KENNELS. date, valuable appendices are to be found containing particulars of sales.
Literature of the Fox-hound. -In 1854, Mr. Tongue enriched the literature of sport by his Records of the Chase, in which students of hound lore will find much interesting matter; whilst other volumes more easily obtainable and of the greatest value are Beckford's Thoughts upon Hunting, Vyner's Notitia Venatica, and the Diary of a Huntsman, by Thomas Smith (Craven Smith). In the last-named work, published in 1838, Chapter V. (on fox-hounds) is considered by many to be the best of all expositions on the subject; indeed, in its excellent pages the whole question of hound breeding is summed up. "A mute hound is unpardonable; if he should be in every other respect perfect, so much the greater reason for drafting him," and "the two great points to attend to in breeding are stoutness and nose." If the hound breeder of to-day would treasure these, and, indeed, all other sentences in this admirable chapter, trite as some may seem to be, bad hounds would be scarce.
Another book containing most valuable information with regard to hounds is the Noble Science, by F. P. Delmé Radcliffe, who was Master of the Hertfordshire Hounds from 1836 to 1839. In this work, be best suited to his country, and it is evident that he much admires the description of the hound by Somervile a century before. He advocates:- "A hound of middle size, active and strong," though he qualifies the poet's desideratum, a "round cat foot," by stating his experience of hounds thus endowed getting "toes down" sooner than others.
It is certain that many modern lovers of hounds will disagree with Mr. Radcliffe in his fondness for "arched loins, or wheel backs with an inclination to drooping quarters," which he fancies are better adapted to hills. In this chapter, too, is mentioned an experiment of crossing a blood-hound with a fox-hound bitch with a view to improving the nose of the foxhound; this, it appears, was not attained. The whole of Mr. Radcliffe's book is the work of a scholar and a sportsman.
The late Colonel Cowen, who for fiveand-twenty years was Master of the Braes of Derwent country, experimented greatly with the fox-hound and blood-hound cross; and at one time something like half his pack were bred in this way. Colonel Cowen persevered for several seasons, but at length came to the conclusion that, though the cross-bred hounds had a deeper note, and hunted well in covert, they dwelt too much, HOUND BREEDING] and were too slow for the open country.
Hounds of the second and third cross were better than those of the first cross, but on the whole the results of the experiment were not beneficial.
Besides the works above alluded to, after a perusal of the writings of the "Druid" and "Scrutator," together with the books and contributions to magazines by "Nimrod," and the volume on "Hunting" from the Badminton Library, "The Complete Foxhunter," by Charles Richardson, and many more recent works, which deal at some length with fox-hounds and their breeding, the student of fox-hound pedigrees will find in the Stud-books an absorbing interest.
Size. There is to be found, in the various books on hunting, a great difference of opinion as to the proper size of a foxhound. Mr. Meynell's dictum is recorded that the height of a hound has nothing to do with his size; while Mr. Assheton Smith, according to the "Druid," changed his opinion on the subject during his Mastership of the Quorn. At first he swore by small hounds, and there was hardly a dogstandard until his dog-hounds were as near 25 inches as possible, and the bitches as much over 23 as they could be got.
At the present day in the best kennels the dog hounds are from 24 to 24½ inches, and the bitches about an inch less. These are the heights aimed at by breeders and what are seen at Peterboro' Show every year.
Occasionally bigger dog hounds are in the prize list, and the Meynell Waverley, who was a prize-winner in 1910, is said to be fully 25 inches. In some countries a lower standard is aimed at, and notably Mr.
Preston Rawnsley has a beautiful pack of small hounds at the Southwold kennels, of which the dog hounds do not exceed 23 inches, while the bitches are something like an inch lower.
Much has been said of different stamps of hounds for different countries, but there seems to be little doubt that by breeding from the very best blood only, and "avoiding lumber in any shape," as Mr. Radcliffe puts it, a pack of hounds can be obtained that can carry a good head over rough moorland, cold ploughs, and pastures equally well.
Quickness in working and 66 PUPPIES AT THE MILTON KENNELS (LORD FITZWILLIAM'S). hound at Quorn above 23 inches; but, on his hounds happening to clash with Lord Lonsdale's pack, and six couple of the latter being counted first away from Launde Wood, it struck him that the smaller hounds were at a disadvantage in jumping over the briars, and he set to work raising his [Photo. Sport and General. catching for a scent" is all-important; and here it is that blood tells.
Perhaps the chief characteristic of the best modern fox-hound is what is known as "drive," and in all the principal kennels hounds which are not possessed of this attribute are seldom used for breeding purposes. "Drive" is difficult to describe, but it means a combination of nose, pace, and quickness in working, allied to great activity, "DEXTER" (BELVOIR). a and a determination to get on. A hound with plenty of "drive" never dwells on the line in harrier fashion, but fights his way to the front, and works at what may be called high pressure whenever there is a fox before him. He is the huntsman's delight, but it has been stated by a high authority that if hounds with "drive" are slackly hunted, and cast at a walk, "drive" quickly disappears. It may be added that there are those who consider that "drive" originally came from the Belvoir kennels, and that hounds of certain strains of Belvoir blood have done most to perpetuate it throughout the country. This is probably true, for in these days hounds which drive on and lose no time are to be found in all the more important packs, more especially in those which are smartly hunted.
Origin of the Modern Fox-hound.- Year by year the pages of the Fox-hound Kennel Stud Book show a regular increase, and now more than three-fourths of the existing packs are to be found within its covers. It is, indeed, possible to trace back the pedigree of nearly all the hounds in every kennel, and thus to ascertain the sources of all the best blood. In fox-hounds the best-looking-the sort that win at the various puppy shows, and at Peterboro' and Reigate-are generally the best workers, and as a broad rule it answers well to breed [HOUND BREEDING from such hounds. At the same time there are at many kennels hounds of great working abilities which in point of appearance are not up to show form. Such hounds should not be neglected when the various matings are arranged, for there have been numberless instances of most successful results achieved by breeding from these hounds, and perhaps more particularly at Belvoir, where a great number of stallion hounds are kept, and where at times the most successful sires-used by masters of other packs-have been hounds which failed to distinguish themselves at the annual puppy show. Many good packs owe much of their excellence to draft hounds from other packs. In one instance a dozen years ago a second-season bitch, strong and powerful, but nothing like a show hound, was given by a master to his neighbour, because she could not be broken from running hares. Her new owner was just beginning to form a pack, and could not afford to be particular, and luckily there were not many hares in a great part of his country.
He quickly found that the bitch was a grand worker, and he bred from her with great success. Five or six years later he had no fewer than twelve couples of her descendants running in his pack, and all were possessed of "drive." The bitch in question was by the South Durham Glancer, who was by the Belvoir Graphic, a son of the famous Belvoir Gambler, who was by the equally famous Belvoir Weathergage. This line of blood is especially remarkable for "drive," and in this instance it really laid the foundation of a pack of hounds. The Brocklesby "RABYWOOD" (PUCKERIDGE.) hound lists go back to 1746, but their first entry in the Stud Book is that of 1801.
The Duke of Beaufort's hounds date in the Stud Book to 1803, but the pack was in existence long before, and even then had HOUND BREEDING] a great reputation. In the 1805 entry of the Badminton pack appear the names of Justice, by the New Forest Justice, out of Hopeful, and of the New Forest Justice himself, by Mr. Gilbert's Jasper, out of an unnamed bitch bred by Lord Egremont. It is further stated that the second Justice (generally known as the Beaufort Justice) came in a lot of two-and-a-half couples from Sir Thos. Mostyn, and as the New Forest Justice appears below his son in the list, it is probably the case that he was secured for the Badminton kennel about the same time. Sir Thos. Mostyn's hounds no longer exist as a pack, but their blood is to be found in many kennels of the present day if only the pedigrees are taken far enough back. Many of Sir Thomas's hounds were bred from Lord Vernon's strains, many others from the Meynell, Mr.
John Warde's, and Mr. Corbett's blood, and of these packs only the Meynell remains. Mr. Vyner in his Notitia Venatica stated that the Belvoir were bred from the packs purchased by Mr. Heron and Mr.
Calcraft; Mr. Osbaldeston's, which bodied the famous blood of Lord Monson's pack; Lord Vernon's, the Duke of Beaufort's, which were then reported to be the steadiest and best pack in existence; Lord Lonsdale's, descended from Mr. Noel's, and bought by Sir W. Lowther for 1,000 gs.; and the old Pytchley blood descended in a great measure from the Beaufort Justice.
Mr. Vyner wrote some forty years after the first Belvoir entry in the Stud Book, which is dated 1800, and comprises four hounds all by Badminton sires, out of bitches bred by Lord Carlisle. In the 1801 entry Bad- "RECTOR" (LORD FITZWILLIAM'S). emminton blood had been used again, also that of Lord Foley and the Meynell, and, indeed, in the earlier Stud Book entries of the famous pack sires from other kennels appear to have been greatly used. Gradually, however, it became the custom at Belvoir to breed almost entirely from home- "SANGUINE" (LORD FITZWILLIAM'S). bred hounds, and though the present pack, if the pedigrees are taken right back, embraces the blood of all the famous early packs, it has for many generations gone very little to outside kennels. In the present year (1910), for example, twenty couples of puppies were put forward at the Belvoir Puppy Show, nineteen and a half by Belvoir sires, and a single hound by a Milton dog. The first Stud Book entry of the Cheshire is Traveller, by Sparkler, out of Traffic (1798), and for many years this pack appears to have used very little outside blood. Belcher, from Lord Vernon's and the Meynell kennel, seems to have been procured, and in 1811 many couples of Mr. George Heron's hounds were added to the pack, while in 1818 Sir Harry Mainwaring's hounds were also brought to the kennel.
The first Stud Book entry of the Meynell is in 1811, but there are many previous references to the pack in the records of other kennels, and no doubt it had a great name long before a trustworthy record of all its hounds was procurable. The first entry of the Milton, then known as Lord Fizwilliam's, but now Mr. George Fitzwilliam's, is in 1800, and there is not a single entry which suggests that any outside blood was used until 1809, when Diamond, by Lord Lonsdale's Dexter, was put on. And for many years afterwards only a very small proportion of outside blood was used, the pack being kept singularly pure. Lord Lonsdale's, Mr. Osbaldeston's, the Brocklesby, Mr. Muster's, Sir Thos.
Mostyn's, the Badminton, and Sir Richard Sutton's (Quorn) blood was sparsely used up to 1833, when a hound by Sir Tatton Sykes' Topper was put on, while in the following year a hound by the Badsworth た Tarquin was entered. The Badsworth's first Stud Book entry is in 1811, but the most interesting and undoubtedly the oldest record of a Yorkshire pack is that of Lord Middleton's, which begins in 1789, and gives a list of twenty-one and a half couples for that year. And, curiously enough, the first hound in the entry is Actor, by a Belvoir hound named Reveller. All the others were by home-bred sires, but there was outside blood in the bitchesfrom the Brocklesby, Mr. Wrightson's, Sir W. Lowther's (afterwards Lord Lonsdale's), and Mr. Baker's packs. There is [Photo. Sport and General. "PERFECT" (CATTISTOCK). also a record (for the same year, 1789) of nine and a half couples of hounds brought from other kennels, and added to the pack when Mr. Willoughby (afterwards Lord Middleton) received it from Lord Carlisle, and these include hounds bred by Lord Darlington, Lord Fitzwilliam, Sir W.
Lowther, and the Brocklesby and Belvoir.
Want of space forbids further research into the records of the early hound lists, but it is quite clear that among the crack packs of 100 years ago there was a constant interchange of blood, and that even at that date Belvoir, Brocklesby, Badminton, and Milton (Fitzwilliam) strains were eagerly sought for just as they are by present-day Masters.
Make and Shape of the Fox-hound. It should be added that the fox-hound has changed a good deal in appearance as far as can be judged from portraits of the earliest famous hounds. There is a drawing of Colonel Thornton's Merkin (1790) which depicts an animal rather like lurcher, but quite unlike a modern foxhound. The artist may have been to blame, but the fact remains that the supposed foxhound has the neck of a greyhound, and is entirely without the bone and substance a a [HOUND BREEDING of the fox-hound as it has been known for many generations. Two pictures of Lord Darlington's hounds, one by B. Marshall, dated 1810, the other by H. B. Chalon, dated 1814, show a hound of totally different stamp from Merkin, and also give the idea that the development of 100 years has merely corrected certain amount of coarseness. The hounds in these pictures might actually pass for hounds of the present day, but they are rather lighter of loin, and not quite so well ribbed up as those which are now seen at the best kennels, and have not the same quality. In these times great bone carried well down to a round foot, massive substance without lumber, and extreme quality are what are required, and the combination is to be seen all through such packs as the Belvoir, Milton, Meynell, Warwickshire, and two or three others.
Clean, elegant necks are also aimed at, but are found in bitches more than in dog hounds. Heavy shoulders are very rightly condemned, and all good hounds should have their fore-legs plumb straight. The mouth, too, should be even, neither jaw projecting beyond the other. As for offences in the field, which cannot be found out until the hound has been "entered" (in common English, taught his business), there many which can be eradicated, but others seem to be ingrained. Young hounds will often hunt rabbits, hares, or even the line of a pheasant running up the covert which is being drawn, but these are the faults of puppyhood, and can be cured.
They generally arise from a superfluity of game and a scarcity of foxes, but are not of great consequence, for it is the nature of a hound to hunt something. In like are manner foxhounds can be broken from running deer or chasing sheep, but the fault last named is a very serious one, for the sheep is quickly caught, and if no one is there to stop the hound worrying it, there is always the great chance that he (the hound) will repeat the offence at the first opportunity. In the kennels of those hunts which go near the moors, where there are small, strong-smelling sheep, it is customary to bring one or two to the kennel and place them in the exercising yards so that hounds may know them, and give them a wide berth when they meet them in the open.
If hounds are actually convicted of sheep worrying they are generally destroyed at once, but a puppy that has chased sheep without tasting the blood can often be cured by being tied up with an old ram who can butt him, and yet be able to keep out of his way. Other bad faults are running mute, skirting, and hanging on the line HOUND BREEDING] a long way behind the rest of the pack.
Some old hounds when they have lost their pace often do this, and occasionally, when scent is not very good, will give tongue loudly a quarter of a mile behind, and bring the leaders back. This generally occurs in covert, and when the delinquent is detected he should not be allowed to hunt again.
Running mute is a terrible fault, too, for the hound who does not throw his voice may go away with a line unperceived, and if the pack follow they will be hunting him instead of the fox. Another great fault is slackness. At times good-looking hounds will not draw the coverts, but hang about until a fox is found, and will only run when scent is good. Slackness is a terrible vice, but luckily a huntsman can quickly detect it and get rid of the culprit.
Walking Puppies. If one thinks of the many perils that beset a fox-hound's puppies at walk, it seems a marvel that more are not sent back to the kennel from quarters in a crippled state; still, some are sure to be disabled, and it is surely more humane to put them out of their misery than to keep them on in the hopes of their recovering sufficiently to be sent away with the draft. Some young hounds may come in afflicted with the mange, which is apt to give great trouble, maybe in vain. Other casualties to which the young fox-hound is liable need not be further enumerated; suffice it to say that if a hound breeder can, before the commencement of cub-hunting, show 33 per cent. or (if he can afford to be very particular about height, colour, &c.), 25 per cent. of young hounds sent out from kennel the year before, he should by no means consider himself unlucky. A good deal is to be said on behalf of the plan, which a few Masters have adopted, of having all the young hounds brought in on an appointed day in early spring, and having them judged on the spot, instead of pursuing the usual course of holding the puppy show after they have been some months in kennel.
The great point is that the prizes are most likely to go where they have been best deserved, though it is hard on late puppies.
Care of the Bitch. With regard to putting the bitches to the dog in late autumn or early winter, it may be suggested that a kennel must be very strong in hounds if the services in the field of good workers can be so early dispensed with; on the other hand, if a bitch valuable for breeding comes early in season, to miss such a chance is surely unwise. It is far better, even at the risk of having to hunt a rather short pack in the spring, to put all the best bitches to, than to be obliged to bring up more whelps than the bitches can manage; few bitches should suckle more than five or six whelps, and, if their whelping has been severe, it is preferable to let them bring up three whelps, or in some cases even two, properly, than to find, when the time comes to send the puppies out to quarters, that they are weedy and sickly.
The anxieties which devolve upon the huntsman are considerable; the bitches must have liberty both before and after whelping, the numerous risks thus entailed being better than the almost certain disasters which result from shutting them up. Should "STORMER" (BELVOIR). a bitch slip her puppies, to be on the safe side it is advisable to separate her at once from the other matrons of the kennel. However heavy a bitch may be, her skin should be loose; when it is tight there is trouble in store for her. In short, one shrinks from rehearsing at length all the dangers that attend the rearing of fox-hounds; they are familiar to all kennelmen who know their business, and without such men, breeding hounds is an impossibility.
Welsh Blood.-From ten to twenty years ago there have been found many who advocate an infusion of the Welsh fox-hound blood into the English kennels. The excellence of the sport which this breed of hounds affords in wild and wooded districts is admitted, and there are many who hold that by crossing the English and Welsh strains the nose and tongue of the former would be improved. As to the value of the cross the opinions of those who have tried it are conflicting; nor is this surprising when one considers the variety of the circumstances in which experiments must have been made. Though an inspection of the Stud Book shows that the only pack in England into which the Welsh blood has been freely introduced is the Blackmore Vale, it is to be met with in many other kennels not included in the book; and when a new departure in crossing strains of any breed has been made, it is as well, if possible, to see the result of other people's experiments.
Harriers. For many years development in the harrier has been all in one direction, viz., towards breeding a fox-hound in [HOUND BREEDING in a big majority, and it is thought by many masters that his activity, pace, and "drive" more than compensate for any deficiency in nose and tongue that he may have. Such a pack as Colonel Robertson Aikman's, lately the Peak Forest, but now the Dove Valley, have all the beauties of the modern fox-hound combined with the working abilities of the old harrier, and far greater THE BELVOIR BITCH PACK AT EXERCISE. miniature. There are still certain packs of old-fashioned Southern hounds, one or two black-and-tan packs, and an odd pack of light-coloured, light-boned harriers such as were common fifty years ago, but the packs which are now seen at the Peterboro' Show are, without a single exception, fox-hounds to look at, and the best of them very elegant specimens of the tribe, but some three to four inches less than the fox-hound in height, and proportionately smaller all over. As a matter of course all such packs are full of fox-hound blood, and most of them have at some time or other bred from fox-hound bitches which were drafted because they were below the kennel standard of height and size. Many of the show winners have little or no harrier blood in their veins, and where this can be traced it has been bred out, so that its present-day descendant has lost all the old harrier appearance. In Devonshire and in some Lancashire countries they remain true to the old sorts, but the fox-hound type of harrier is now pace and "drive" than the harrier proper.
They do not dwell on the line, but push on after their game, and take almost as much living with as a pack of high-bred foxhounds. The breeding of these and other beautiful packs has in the last twenty years brought about a revolution in harriers, and the modern hound of that name is quite unlike his predecessor of little more than a quarter of a century ago. Mr. Mercer, the Master of a celebrated Kentish pack, and a most successful breeder of modern harriers, wrote some half-dozen years ago: "With a north-east wind in the marshes, I have seen the harrier blood quite knocked up by two o'clock, whereas the fox-hound blood did their work gaily, and went home with their sterns up." At the same time it is only fair to say that the pied hounds of Devonshire have beautiful music, and can still hunt a hare well. They are still held in great esteem in their own district, and have a long ancestry which includes no foxhound blood. THE TATE LIBRARY, BRIXTON, S.W.
THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF SPORT AND GAMES VOL III THE TATE LIBRARY.
BRIXTON, S.W Archibsted Thor After Archibald Thorburn.
PHEASANT.
The Encyclopaedia of Sport & Games EDITED BY THE EARL OF SUFFOLK AND BERKSHIRE LAMBETH PUBLIC LIBRARIES NOT TO BE REMOVED FROM THE A New and LIBRARY Plates and Illustrations from Photographs and Drawings VOLUME III HUNTING-RACING WITH ABOUT FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS THE TATE LIBRARY, BRIXTON, S.W.
W H W H LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN 32197. E796 Copyright, 1911, by William Heinemann All rights reserved.
TATE CENTRAL LIBRARY MESINCE DEPARTMENT BRIXTON OVAL W7897720 R. Clay and Sons, Ltd., Bread Street Hill, E.C., and Bungay, Suffolk BRARIES LAM MBETA PUBLIC CONTENTS PAGE PAGE HUNTING :
FOX-HUNTING (LORD COVENTRY).
I MACKEREL 178 I MARKHOR (GEN. DONALD MACINTYRE) 178 FOX-HUNTING ON FOOT (H. A. BRYDEN) 19 MILITARY SPORTS (COL. WALLIS KING) 180 HARE (THE EARL OF SUFFOLK AND BERKSHIRE) MOOSE (H TREVOR-BATTYE) 187 22 MOOSE CALLING (H. HESKETH FOOT HARRIERS, BEAGLES AND BASSET HOUNDS (L. C. R. CAMERON) PRICHARD) 187 33 MOTOR-BOATING (LORD MONTAGU) 188 STOAT HUNTING WITH BEAGLES MOUFFLON (S. H. WHITBREAD) 196 (L. C. R. CAMERON). 38 MOUNTAINEERING (SIR W. MARTIN CONWAY STAG (LORD RIBBLESDALE) 39 WILD RED DEER ON EXMOOR (HON.
L. J. BATHURST) 49 and G. D. ABRAHAM).
CAVE EXPLORATION (J. A. GREEN, E. CALVERT, F. ELLET, T. GRAY) 198 230 OTTER-HUNTING (L. C. R., CAMERON) 56 DRAG (W. C. A. BLEW) MULE DEER (H. A. JAMES). 238 63 MULLET, GREY : 240 HUNTING IN FRANCE (H. A. BRYDEN) 64 HORN MUSIC (L. C. R. CAMERON) 71 MUNTIAC (GEN. DONALD MACINTYRE and R. LYDEKKER) 240 HUNTERS (W. C. A. BLEW) 73 MUSK OX (WARBURTON PIKE and R.
JAGUAR (COL. F. T. POLLOK) KANGAROOS (H. R. FRANCIS) HUNTING DOG (H. A. BRYDEN) IN SOMALILAND (COL. F. T. POLLOK) 83 IBEX (S. H. WHITBREAD) IN SPAIN (B. F. BUCK).
JACKAL HUNTING (COL. F. T. POLLOK) KANGAROO-SHOOTING (F. G. AFLALO) 81 LYDEKKER) 241 88 MUSKALONGE (T. H. BEAN). 242 85 NILGAI (J. D. INVERARITY) 245 87 OBSOLETE SPORT. 246 88 BADGER BAITING (J. W.) 246 90 92 BEAR AND BULL BAITING (C. S.
COLMAN). 246 94 COCKFIGHTING (L. C. R. CAMERON) 251 KUDU (E. N. BUXTON) 96 TOURNAMENTS (VISCOUNT DILLON) 256 LACROSSE (F. SACHS) 4 98 OKAPI (H. A. BRYDEN).. 27 1 LAWN TENNIS (P. A. VAILE) IIO OORIAL (A. POLLOCK) 269 LAZOING (R. B. CUNNINGHAME GRAHAM) 133 OPOSSUM AND RACCOON HUNTING (T.
LEOPARDS AND PANTHERS 136 ROOSEVELT) 270 DISTRIBUTION OF (R. LYDEKKER) 136 AUSTRALIAN (A. EDEN) 272 AFRICA (F. V. KIRBY) 138 ORYX (H. A. BRYDEN) 273 IN SOMALILAND (COL. H. G. C. SWAYNE) 142 OSTRICH (J. E. HARTING) 274 IN INDIA (J. D. INVERARITY) 144 OUANANICHE (COL. A. C. P. HAGGARD) 278 LEOPARD SPEARING 146 OVIS AMMON (F. E. S. ADAIR) 280 LICENCES (J. E. HARTING) 147 PARTRIDGE. 282 LION. 148 REARING (C. C. TUDWAY)... 282 SOUTH AFRICA (F. C. SELOUS) 148 LOCAL SPORTS (W. CARTER PLATTS) LYNX (ABEL CHAPMAN) IN SOMALILAND (COL. H. G. C. SWAYNE) SHOOTING IN RUSSIA (FRED WISHAW) 177 TION (HON. W. ROTHSCHILD) REARING IN PENS (C. C. TUDWAY) SHOOTING (C. C. TUDWAY and J. F. 283 HALL) e SPECIES SUITABLE FOR ACCLIMATISA- AFRICAN (H. A. BRYDEN) DISEASES OF (A. E. SHIPLEY).
CONTENTS PAGE PAGE PECCARY (T. ROOSEVELT) PELOTA (C. EDWARDES) PERCH • PHEASANT 293 PIGMY HOG (COL. F. T. POLLOK) 327 294 PIKE ("JOHN BICKERDYKE" and R. B. 296 MARSTON) 327 297 PISCICULTURE (W. H. ARMISTEAD) 338 REARING AND SHOOTING (C. C. TUD- PLOVER (SIR H. MAXWELL and J. E WAY and J. F. HALL). .. 297 HARTING) 346 SPECIES SUITABLE FOR ACCLIMATISA- POCHARD (J. E. HARTING) 351 TION (HON. W. ROTHSCHILD) 304 POLO (A. W. COATEN) 352 DISEASES OF (A. E. SHIPLEY) 307 PRAIRIE CHICKEN (T. ROOSEVELT) 370 PHYSICAL CULTURE AND GYMNASTICS PRONGHORN (T. ROOSEVELT) 371 (T. A. Cook) 310 PTARMIGAN (J. G. MILLAIS) 372 SYSTEMS OF GYMNASTICS (A. ALEX- PUMA (T. ROOSEVELT) 374 ANDER) 311 PUNTING AND PUNTS (LORD DESBOROUGH) 374 PICKEREL OR DORÉ (COL. A. C. P. HAGGARD) 313 QUAIL (JE. HARTING) 380 PIG-STICKING (LIEUT.-GEN. SIR R. S. S.
QUARTERSTAFF (F. H. HUTH) 381 BADEN-POWELL) 314 QUOITS (COL. F. T. POLLOK) 383 PIGEONS 319 RABBITS (R. J. LLOYD PRICE) 383 PIGEON-FLYING (E. TEGETMEIER) 319 RACING (A. E. T. WATSON). 389 SHOOTING (N. D. G. and H. STANNARD) 322 PHEASANT.
LAWN TENNIS LEOPARD LION LIST OF PLATES PARTRIDGE ISINGLASS WINNING THE DERBY Frontispiece To face þage IIO دو دو وو دو 138 THE TATE LIBRARY, BRIXTON, S.W.
HUNTING. - This article is divided as follows: (1) Fox (Foxhunting on Foot), (2) Hare (Harriers, Foot-harriers, Beagles, and Bassets), (3) Stag (Wild and Carted Deer), (4) Otter, (5) Drag, (6) Hunting in France, (7) Horn Music, and (8) Hunters.
FOXHUNTING was looked upon by Mr. Beckford as an art, and it may be considered to afford greater pleasure to all the classes of society which are accustomed to participate in it than any other field sport. Dr. Paley has said that he never met with any sportsman who could define or state correctly the principle of sport, but nevertheless the allurements of the chase are stronger now than they have ever been, and attract larger fields of followers every year. It has often been said that a man cannot hunt from a bad motive, and the justice of the observation is generally acknowledged. Authorities differ with regard to the date in which foxhunting first became an amusement in hath blest the houres of our recreation there is none to excelle the delight of hunting"; but in those days, it must be remembered, the term included the pursuit of fox, hare, or stag. The followers and admirers of the Staintondale hounds, in Yorkshire, claim for this pack that they were formed 220 years ago, and they are trencher-fed. The Sinnington can also boast of considerable antiquity, but these hounds are now kennelled, as are also the Bilsdale. Squire Draper commenced operations in 1726, for the purpose of exterminating or reducing the number of foxes in Yorkshire, which had developed lambkilling propensities.
One of the earliest packs of foxhounds in the western part of England was established by Mr.