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Chronological Table: England (Earl of Strafford beheaded)

The Earl of Strafford beheaded. 1642 Beginning of the Civil War in England. - The battle of Edgehill, October 23. 1643 Louis XIV., King of France.

Anne of Austria Regent of France.

Archbishop Laud impeached by the Commons, tried, and beheaded. 1644 Pope Innocent X. - Revolution in China by the Tartars. 1645 Charles I. defeated in the battle of Naseby. 1646 Sir Robert Spottiswoode, President of the Session, beheaded 20th January. 1648 The Peace of Westphalia -The civil war of the Fronde at Paris. 1649 Charles I. of England beheaded.

The Commonwealth of England begins. ‡ Mahomet IV. Emperor of the Turks.

A. D. 1650 The Marquis of Montrose put to death.