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From a. D. 1766 to 1789

Chemistry.

Physical Geography and Geology. 1774. Maskelyne measures the earth's density by Schehallion experiment. 1774-1783. Laplace on long inequality of Jupiter and Saturn; moon's acceleration. 1776. Lagrange proves the stabilty of the planetary orbits. 1781. Uranus discovered by Herschel. 1783 Proves the rotation of binary stars. 1786. He discovers star-clusters and nebulæ; and the motion of the solar Hercules. 1769. Boulton and Watt partners. 1785. Chladni on musical vibrations of solid bodies. 1785. Watt's 1772. Rutherford describes nitrogen. 1774. Priestley discovers oxygen. 1766. Cook's voyage to the South Seas for the second transit measurement. 1775. Scheele dis- 1775. Werner leccovers oxygen. tures on geology at Freyberg. 1778.

Lavoisier overthrows the theory of 'phlogiston' by proving the action of oxygen. 1779 Shows the composition of carbonic acid.

Disputes be- 1784. Cavendish explodes oxygen and tween Neptunists hydrogen, forming and Vulcanists. water. double - acting 1787. Lavoisier steam-engine. founds a new 1785. Sir James melted Hall on rock; Hutton on chemical nomengranite veins. clature. 1788. Hutton's 'Elements' of system towards 1789. Electricity 1789. Lavoisier's Galvani; con- Chemistry publishexperiments of troversy be-ed. tween Volta and Galvani. 'Theory of the Biology. 1768. Foundation of the Linnæan system; 'systema Naturæ' completed. 1772.

Priestley on breathing of plants. 1778. Death of Linnæus; his collections brought to England. 1783. Hunter's museum begun in Leicester Square, London.

Earth' published. 1789. Animal electricity discovered by Galvani. 1789. Jussieu founds the Natural System of plants.