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Light and Its Phenomena: Pure

Pure lime mixed with sand and water forms mortar; which imbibing carbonic acid from the atmosphere become limestone again, and thereby cements walls of brick and stone. water.

Particles of blood are considered to be 2,000,000 greater than particles of In an egg of 1000 grains the shell is 106.9, the white, 604.2; and the yolk, 288.9. The shell is 97 of carbonate of lime, and only 2.2 of animal matter. The perspiration from an animal body consists of water, carbonic, aretic, and phosphoric acids and soda.

The remains of distilled coal are coke, and those of wood are charcoal, both of them carbon of different compactness. The diamond if heated turns to carbon carbon.

Glass is made by combining in a state of fusion fixed alkalies with silica, and the occasional addition of litharge, oxide of iron or manganese. Alcohol is the spirit of wine obtained from the distillation of fermented liquors, and when made from wine is called brandy, from the sugar cane, rum; from malt or grain, whiskey or gin. The different flavors arise from the quantity of oil or resin, the basis being alcohol and water. Further distillation produces rectified spirits. Pure alcohol is quite colorless. Proof spirits are 0.92. When the gravity is higher they are under proof; when lower, above proof. Charcoal is a hard substance unchangeable by heat, or acids, or alkalies, and is a non-conductor of electricity. It absorbs from one-eighth to one-fifth of its weight of gases, and gives them out again when heated. It abstracts the odor and color from most substances.

Rennet is the mucous membrane of the stomach of a young calf. It coagulates 1800 times its weight of skimmed milk at 122º Fahrenheit. HEAT.