The Sciences
Vegetation, or Botany
Vegetation is that evolution of germs, and that fixation of the elements, which serves as the food of loco-motive evolution in animal…
Testacea and Shells
The Testacea, or Shell-fish, have 4500 species, and those without shells 600; of radiata, as star-fish and medusa, there are 1000 species…
Fishes and Birds
LINNÆUS distinguishes BIRDS into six orders, Accipitres, angular projecting beaks; Pica, compressed beaks, with climbing feet; Ansares…
The Sciences (It by a different opening)
it by a different opening, after appropriating the air. The gills, too, have a moveable The air-bladders of fish enable them to rise or…
Reptiles, or Amphibia
There are full 1500 species of Reptiles and Frogs. The organs of circulation of reptiles are simple, and only a portion of the blood…
Reptiles, or Amphibia: Insects
Insects appear as eggs hatched as a caterpillar or larva, which changes into a motionless chrysalis or nympha, the covering of which…
Reptiles, or Amphibia: Zoophytes
Zoophytes and Infusoria. Though ranged under one head, yet Zoophytes are the lowest kind of animation, and Infusoria, often the highest in…
The Sciences (Cranium itself has three)
The cranium itself has three compartments, the two frontal bones and the ethmoid, the parietal and the spheroid, and three the occipital…
The Sciences: Carnivora
A natural order comprises those which, like the rat, squirrel, the rabbit, and the guinea-pig, have only two large teeth in front, which…
The Sciences: Astrology
Just, however, as Chemistry rose on the fancy about the philosopher's stone, and medicine out of the dream about the elixir of immortality…
The Sun
The distance of the sun from the earth is 91,000,000 miles. If there were a railroad from the earth to the sun in a perfectly straight…
The Moon
The moon is 240,000 miles from the earth, and her diameter is a little over 2000 miles. She appears quite as large as the sun, owing to her…
Stars and Planets
Stars shine entirely by their own light; planets shine chiefly, if not entirely, by reflected light. Stars are suns, globes of glowing…
Table of Principal Elements
Object.
Light and Its Phenomena
In treating about Light, we must consider it as a fixed means towards a definite end, and not neglect the final cause. The end is to enable…
Light and Its Phenomena: Sulphur
Salts are distinguished by two names, one denoting the acid, and the other the base. Thus, sulph ate of soda is a combination of the…
Light and Its Phenomena: Weusel
All compound bodies, even the smallest portions of them, are composed of the same constituents, united in fixed proportions. This discovery…
Light and Its Phenomena: Hydrogen
GASES or their bases, and the Principal ACIDS, are as follows. Peroxide of Hydrogen Nitrous Oxide Nitric Oxide Hyponitrous Acid Nitrous…
Light and Its Phenomena: Acid
S. 32+0 40 = 72 72 Phosphoric Acid Ph. 31.42+0 40 = 71.42 Muriatic Acid Gas Ch.
Light and Its Phenomena: Water
Water 9 Aq.
Light and Its Phenomena: Nitrogen
Priestley discovered Nitrogen to be the other component of the atmosphere. It is the gas that remains after atmospheric air has been…
Light and Its Phenomena: Europe
Pure Air. Each adult inhales a gallon of air per minute, and consumes daily 30 oz. of oxygen. For the conversion of this oxygen a certain…
Light and Its Phenomena: Locality
Locality.
Light and Its Phenomena: Gases
Vegetables are compounded of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and some nitrogen; animals of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and…
Light and Its Phenomena: Pure
Pure lime mixed with sand and water forms mortar; which imbibing carbonic acid from the atmosphere become limestone again, and thereby…
Light and Its Phenomena: Heat
There can be no reasonable doubt that Heat is a mere effect of atomic motion, and that various intensities by percussions, or motions…
Light and Its Phenomena: Cold
The fundamental principles of all physical philosophy are correct conceptions of the construction of gas, of heat, and of the motions which…
The Busy Man's Hand-Book (Percussion or friction It)
percussion or friction. It is simply motion applied to any atoms, directly, or by transfer.
Gases and Vapors
05701 ... .03244 .03234 .622 .2777 .504 Steam Air (atmospheric) Hydrogen.
Sound and Music
Sound arises from vibrations of the air, as may be seen by the vibrations in the water of a musical glass, and by the affections of light…
Sound and Music: Sounds
All sound appears to be echo or reflection; and if not a distinct echo, it is only for want of distance. In a real echo, the first sound is…
Sound and Music: Conical
Conical wheels.
Sound and Music: Crompton
The power of the wedge is as the length of the two sides to the thickness. The diameter of the wheel of a pulley should be five times its…
Sound and Music: Friction
Pumps are machines which demonstrate the pressure of the atmosphere by raising water into a vacuum. The hydraulic ram raises water through…
Science of the Greeks
FROM B. C. 639 TO A. D. 200.