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Progress of Modern Science From A.d. 1638 to 1670

Astronomy.

Physics and Mechanics. 1638.

Galileo on 1659. Huyghens Chemistry.

Physical Geography and Geology.

Biology. musical notes. 1644. Torricelli invents the barometer. 1646. Pascal proves the weight of air.

Guericke (1645. First meetings of Royal Society.) 1647. Pecquet on the thoracic duct. 1649. Rüdbeck discovers lymphatics. 1656. Malpighi, professor of medicine at Bologna. 1650. invents the airpump; Magdeburg hemispheres; first electrical machine. discovers Saturn's ring, and 1658. Huyghens one satellite. on cycloidal pendulums. (1662. Académie des Sciences 1661 Boyle's law founded.) 1666. Newton of compression on method of of gases. fluxions; first idea of gravitation. 1663. Marquis of 1665. Hooke on Worcester's en- use of air in gine. combustion. 1665. Boyle's experiments on air. 1666-1671. Newton on dispersion of light, proves its com- 1661. Malpighi uses microscope to examine air-cells of the lungs; discovers Malpighian layer; studies anatomy of insects. 1663-1666.

Journeys of Ray and Willughby. pound nature. 1670. First mer- 1670. 1669.

Steno on fossils and petrifactions.

Mayo w 1670. Scilla on 1670. Mayow on recurial thermom- discovers "fire- fossils of Cala-spiration. eter. air," and shows bria. it is used in burning. 1670. Beecher proposes theory, of phlogiston." ،،