Cold-short
Iron or steel is termed "cold-short" when it fractures at the edges if rolled or hammered at a temperature below a dull red heat. Cold-shots, also called "cold-shuts," are seams which, on flat castings, are sometimes formed by local accumulations of dirt and dust. Another source of cold-shots is when the metal enters in straggling and divergent streams, leaving portions of metal to partially congeal at places before the whole surface is covered. At the final meeting the junction is an imperfect one, because of the difference in temperature of the two portions of metal. Castings, poured vertically, that have heavy adjoining parts, will sometimes show very deep scars of this nature, because of the dead stoppage which occurs whilst such parts are being filled. This happens sometimes in cylinders with heavy connections; the partial stoppage gives time for the surface scum to congeal, and metal simply flows back and covers it. When all the gating is from the top, this casualty is not likely to occur. See FAINT-RUN.