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Decarbonizing Processes

The process of decarbonizing takes place in puddling and boiling furnaces when cast iron is, by heating, deprived of its carbon, and thus made malleable. But there are many special decarbonizing and desulphurizing processes by which these superfluous elements are eliminated from cast iron. See MALLEABLE IRON; PUDDING.

Decimals Changed to Parts of a Pound Avoirdupois.--The following table converts each decimal of a pound, of 16 ounces, into ounces and drachms, and is very serviceable when it is desired to change the formulas that are stated in decimal proportion:

Decimal. Oz. Dr. .003 1 .007 2 .011 3 .015 4 .019 5 .023 6 .027 7 .031 8 .035 9 .039 10 .043 11 .046 12 .050 13 .054 14 .058 15 .062 1 0 .066 1 1 .070 1 2 .074 1 3 .078 1 4 .082 1 5 .085 1 6 .089 1 7 .093 1 8 .097 1 9 .101 1 10 .105 1 11 .109 1 12 .113 1 13 .117 1 14 .121 1 15 .125 2 0 .128 2 1 .132 2 2 .136 2 3 .140 2 4 .144 2 5 .148 2 6 .152 2 7 .156 2 8 .160 2 9 .164 2 10 .168 2 11 .171 2 12 .175 2 13 .179 2 14 .183 2 15 .187 3 0 .191 3 1 .195 3 2 .199 3 3 .203 3 4 .207 3 5 .210 3 6 .214 3 7 .218 3 8 .222 3 9 .226 3 10 .230 3 11 .234 3 12 .238 3 13 .242 3 14 .246 3 15 .250 4 0 .253 4 1 .257 4 2 .261 4 3 .265 4 4 .269 4 5 .273 4 6 .277 4 7 .281 4 8 .285 4 9 .289 4 10 .293 4 11 .297 4 12 .300 4 13 .304 4 14 .308 4 15 .312 5 0 .316 5 1 .320 5 2 .324 5 3 .328 5 4 .332 5 5 .335 5 6 .339 5 7 .343 5 8 .347 5 9 .351 5 10 .355 5 11 .359 5 12 .363 5 13 .367 5 14 .371 5 15 .375 6 0 .378 6 1 .382 6 2 .386 6 3 .390 6 4 .394 6 5 .398 6 6 .402 6 7 .406 6 8 .410 6 9 .414 6 10 .418 6 11 .421 6 12 .425 6 13 .429 6 14 .433 6 15 .437 7 0 .441 7 1 .445 7 2 .449 7 3 .453 7 4 .457 7 5 .460 7 6 .464 7 7 .468 7 8 .472 7 9 .476 7 10 .480 7 11 .484 7 12 .488 7 13 .492 7 14 .496 7 15 .500 8 0 Decimals of 1, or Unity, Changed to Fractions.--The following table affords a ready reference for obtaining the vulgar equivalents of the decimal fractions of 1, or unity: 1/64 = .015625 1/32 = .03125 1/16 = .0625 1/8 = .125 3/16 = .1875 1/4 = .25 5/16 = .3125 3/8 = .375 7/16 = .4375 1/2 = .5 9/16 = .5625 5/8 = .625 11/16 = .6875 3/4 = .75 13/16 = .8125 7/8 = .875 15/16 = .9375 1 = 1.0000