Important: Safety Warning
This page contains a formula or preparation using substances now known to be dangerously toxic, such as arsenic, mercury, lead, or cyanide compounds. Exposure to these substances can cause severe poisoning, permanent injury, or death.
In addition, this page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
V
Vapor
Heat converts liquids into vapors, and the process is called vaporization. Heat applied to a solid first expands it, then melts it, and…
Varnishes
The solutions of the various resins in alcohol, the drying-oils, or the essential oils. Transparent varnish for patterns: Alcohol 1 gallon…
Vegetable Wax
This wax is found as exudations on leaves and fruits, where they form a glaucous surface, which repels water. The bayberry, for instance…
Venting
The word "venting," as understood in foundry nomenclature, is a significant one, and means any or all of the various schemes which are…
Vent-wire
The wire with which a moulder pierces sand, in order to form passageways for the escape of gases. Large ones should be made fast to a…
Verdigris
A very poisonous diacetate of copper, which forms in a green crust on its surface if exposed to a damp atmosphere. It is useful in the arts…
Vinegar Bronze
This is for brass goods, and consists of vinegar 10 galls., blue vitriol 3 lbs., muriatic acid 3 lbs., corrosive sublimate 4 grains…
Volatile
A body is termed volatile when it is capable of evaporating, or passing easily into an aeriform state, as alcohol, ether, etc. See VAPOR…
Veins – Vitriol
See ORES. See ORDNANCE; CAST-IRON PIPES; HORIZONTAL CASTING.