Arnold
Arnold names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Arnold BENEDICT, an American military officer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BENEDICT, an American military officer, born in Norwich, Conn., Jan. 14, 1741. He was settled in extensive business at New Haven when the War of Independence broke out. After the news of the battle of Lexington, he raised a body of volunteers, and received. a colonel's commission. After commanding, for a short time, a small fleet upon Lake Champlain, 1. he was with General Montgomery, charged with the difficult duty of leading a force of 1,100 men across the wilds of the country to Quebec, to stir up rebellion there, and displace the British garrison. In this unsuccessful attempt Montgomery was killed BENEDICT ARNOLD and Arnold severely wounded. After this, we find him in various important commands, but as often involved in quarrels with Congress and his fellow-officers. Washington valued him for his acts of daring, and would gladly have overlooked his faults; but Congress and his brother-officers regarded him with dislike, and sought every possible means to humble and annoy him. After many disputes about the honor that was due to him for his services, he was invested with the government of Philadelphia. There his imprudence was most marked and he was court-martialed and reprimanded. Arnold felt humiliated, and decided to desert to the enemy, opening communication with Sir Henry Clinton, British commander. Major André was sent by Sir Henry to negotiate with Arnold, and they had an interview near West Point, which fortress Arnold had offered to surrender to the enemy. On his way to the British camp, however, the young officer fell into the hands of the Americans, and the whole plot was of course discovered. The news of André's capture reached Arnold just in time to enable him to make his escape and reach the British camp in safety. There he retained his rank of brigadier-general, and fought with as much daring against the cause of American independence. Afterward he served in Nova Scotia and the West Indies, and at last settled in London, England, where he died June 14, 1801.
Arnold MATTHEW, an English poet
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MATTHEW, an English poet, critic, and essayist, born at Laleham, Dec. 24, 1822; graduated at Oxford in 1844, and was Professor of Poetry there from 1857 to 1867. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred by the University of Edinburgh in 1869, and by Oxford in 1870. He was government inspector of schools from 1851, and repeatedly visited the Continent to inquire into and report upon systems of education. In 1883-1884 he made a lecturing tour through the United States. His works include "The Strayed Reveler and Other Poems" (1848); "Empedocles on Etna" (1853); "Merope," a tragedy (1857), and "New Poems ems" (1868). His " prose writings comprise "Essays in sm" (1865, 2d series, 1888); "Lec- " Criticism tures on the S Study of Celtic Literature" (1867); "Culture and Anarchy" (1869); "Friendship's Garland" (1871), a humorous work; "Literature and Dogma" (1873); "Last Essays on Church and Religion" (1877); "Mixed Essays" (1879); "Irish Essays" (1882), and "Discourses on America" (1885). Arnold first became known as a poet of classical taste by the volume of poems and selections issued under his name in 1854. He died in Liverpool, April 15, 1888.
Arnold SIR EDWIN, an English poet and journalist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR EDWIN, an English poet and journalist, born at Gravesend, June 10, 1832. He was graduated at Oxford in 1853; taught for a while in Birmingham; and became principal of the Sanskrit rit College at Poona, in the Bombay Presidency. Returning to London in 1861, he joined the editorial staff of the "Daily Telegraph." He twice visited the United States on lecture tours. Of his original poetry, inspired by Oriental themes and legends, the most famous work is "The Light cht of Asia, a Poetic Presentation of the Life and Teaching of Gautama" (1876). "Indian Idylls" (1883); "Pearls of the Faith," "Sa'di in the Garden," "The Light of the World," "Potiphar's Wife and Other Poems," "India Revisited," "Japonica," and "The Tenth Muse and Other Poems," are among his many works. He died March 24, 1904.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The biographical facts in Collier's 1921 entries still hold, but the reputations have moved. Collier's dwells on Benedict Arnold's quarrels with Congress and passes over Saratoga in 1777, where his battlefield leadership was decisive; modern accounts stress it heavily, and the Saratoga battlefield's Boot Monument still commemorates his wounded leg without naming him, while historians now work from the recovered Arnold–Clinton correspondence and treat greed, debt and grievance as the mix behind the treason. Matthew Arnold is listed here for "Empedocles on Etna" and "Merope," yet the poems now universally anthologised — "Dover Beach," "The Scholar-Gipsy," "Thyrsis" — go unmentioned; his prose criticism, especially "Culture and Anarchy," remains in print and argued over. Sir Edwin Arnold has fared worst: "The Light of Asia," a runaway bestseller that shaped Victorian and American ideas of the Buddha, is today read chiefly by historians of religion rather than lovers of verse.
Written for this edition, 2026.