Baliol
Baliol names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Baliol or BALLIOL, JOHN
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or BALLIOL, JOHN, King of Scotland; born about 1249. On the death of Margaret, the Maiden of Norway, and grandchild of Alexander III., Baliol claimed the vacant throne by vir tue of his descent from David, Earl of Huntington, brother to William the Lion, King of Scotland. Robert Bruce (grandfather of the King) opposed Baliol; but Edward I.'s decision was in favor of Baliol, who did homage to him for the kingdom, Nov. 20, 1292. Irritated by Edward's harsh exercise of authority, Baliol concluded a treaty with France, then at war with England; but, after the defeat at Dunbar he surrendered his crown into the hands of the English monarch. He was sent with his son to the Tower, but, by the intercession of the Pope, in 1297, obtained liberty to retire to his Norman estates, where he died in 1315. His son, Edward, in 1332, landed in Fife with an armed force, and having defeated a large army under the Regent Mar (who was killed), got himself crowned King, but was driven out in three months.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
ba'le-ol or bal'yol, John, a Scottish nobleman. He lived 1249-1315. Baliol and Robert Bruce were competitors for the vacant throne of Scotland. The supporters of the former succeeded in referring the matter to Edward I of England who decided in favor of Baliol, but took opportunity to make him and Scotland subordinate to the English crown. This procedure made Baliol very unpopular with his countrymen. He was subsequently deposed by Edward. He died in Normandy shortly after his former rival, the Bruce, had won the famous victory of Bannockburn. The Scots called Baliol "Toom Tabard," or empty-jacket. His son Edward invaded Scotland with English backing in 1332, and succeeded in making himself king of the Scots for a period of three months. See Bruce ; Scotland
Baliol or BALLIOL COLLEGE
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or BALLIOL COLLEGE, Oxford, founded between 1263 and 1268 by John de Baliol, father of John Baliol, King of Scotland. The original foundation consisted of 16 poor scholars, and the revenue for their maintenance amounted for many years to only 8d. per week for each. From the 14th century on the college has been greatly enriched by various benefactions. The college consists of a master, 26 fellows and about 50 scholars and exhibitioners. John Wyclif was master of this college in 1361; its most famous master was Benjamin Jowett; among its scholars have been John Evelyn and Bradley the astronomer. Among eminent modern graduates were the poet Swinburne, Matthew Arnold, Hilaire Belloc, etc. BALIZE. See BELIZE.
Baliol or BALLIOL, JOHN
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or BALLIOL, JOHN, of Barnard Castle, Northumberland, father Copyright, L. L. Poates Eng. Co., 1921 of King John Baliol, a great English ( or Norman) baron in the reign of Henry III., to whose cause he strongly attached himself in his struggles with the barons. In 1263 he laid the foundation of Baliol College, Oxford, which was completed by his widow, Devorguila or Devorgilla. She was daughter and co-heiress of Allan of Galloway, a great baron of Scotland, and of Margaret, eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntington, brother of William the Lion. It was on the strength of this genealogy that his son John Baliol became temporary King of Scotland. He died in 1269.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The narrative of the reign still stands: John Balliol was awarded the crown by Edward I in 1292, surrendered it after Dunbar in 1296, and died on his Norman estates, though modern historians usually date that death to late 1314 rather than Collier's 1315, and they treat the "Toom Tabard" jibe as later propaganda rather than a fair verdict on a king hemmed in by Edward's overlordship. Collier's ends his son Edward's career with the three-month kingship of 1332; in fact Edward Balliol was restored and expelled repeatedly and only resigned his claim to Edward III in 1356. Balliol College has moved furthest from these accounts: the "26 fellows and about 50 scholars" of 1921 have become a mixed community of several hundred undergraduates and graduates, women having been admitted in 1979, and its alumni now include four British prime ministers ", the spelling "Baliol" that heads these entries has all but vanished in favour of "Balliol".
Written for this edition, 2026.