Barnard
Barnard names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Barnard FREDERICK AUGUS- Art Gallery
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FREDERICK AUGUS- Art Gallery, and the Northern Counties TUS PORTER, an American educator, born in Sheffield, Mass., May 5, 1809; was graduated at Yale College in 1828; instructor there in 1830; Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the University of Alabama in 1837- 1848, and afterward of Chemistry and Natural History till 1854; Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in the University of Mississippi , 1854-1861; its president in 1856-1858 ; and its Chancellor in 1858-1861. He was president of Columbia College, New York City, in 1864-1888. In 1860 he was appointed a member of the expedition to observe the eclipse of the sun in Labrador; was engaged in 1862 in reducing observations of the stars in the Southern Hemisphere; had charge of the publication of charts and maps of the United States Coast Survey in 1863; was named one of the original incorporators of the National Academy of Sciences in 1863; was one of the United States commissioners to the Paris Exposition in 1867, member of the American Philosophical Society, corresponding member of the Royal Society of Liege, and member of many other scientific and literary associations. Among his publications are " Letters on College Government " (1854); "Report on Collegiate Education" (1854); "Art Culture" (1854); " History of the American Coast Survey" (1857); "University Education" (1858); "Undulatory Theory "Machinery and Procof Light" (1862); "M esses of the Industrial Arts, and Apparatus of Exact Science " (1868); "Metric System of Weights and Measures" (1871); etc. He died in New York City, April 27, 1889.
Barnard EDWARD EMERSON, an American astronomer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
EDWARD EMERSON, an American astronomer, born in Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1857; graduated at Vanderbilt University in 1887; was astronomer in Lick Observatory, California, in 1887-1895, and then became Professor of Astronomy in Chicago University and Director of the Yerkes Observatory. His principal discoveries are the fifth satellite of Ju Jupiter in 1892, and 16 comets. He has made photographs of the Milky Way, the comets, nebulæ, etc. The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Lelande gold medal in 1892, the Arago gold medal in 1893, the Janssen gold medal in 1900, and the Janssen prize in 1906, and the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain gave him a gold medal in 1897. He is a member of many American and foreign societies, and a contributor to astronomical journals.
Barnard GEORGE GREY, an American sculptor
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GEORGE GREY, an American sculptor , born in Bellefonte, Pa., in 1863. He studied art in Paris, exhibited in the Paris Salon in 1894, was awarded a gold medal in the Paris Exposition in 1900, and also received other medals for excellency in artistic work. For several years he was professor of sculpture in the Art Students' League, New York. Following the death of Augustus Saint Gaudens he was the most conspicuous of American sculptors. His best known works include sculptures for the Pennsylvania State capitol and a statue of Lincoln which, after a bitter controversy as to its fidelity and artistic merits, was presented to the city of Manchester, England , in 1920.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's listed E. E. Barnard's discoveries in 1921 as "the fifth satellite of Jupiter in 1892, and 16 comets" but omitted the find that made his name a household word among astronomers: the faint red dwarf he identified in 1916 as having the largest proper motion of any known star. Barnard's Star is now recognised as the nearest single star to the Sun and one of the most intensively monitored targets in the search for planets outside the solar system; Barnard himself died in 1923, two years after this entry. His Jupiter V, found by eye at the Lick Observatory, is now called Amalthea and was photographed close up by the Galileo spacecraft in the 1990s. Of the other two, Frederick A. P. Barnard is remembered chiefly through Barnard College, founded in his name in 1889 and still a women's college tied to Columbia, while George Grey Barnard's vast collection of French medieval stonework became the core of the Cloisters, which opened in upper Manhattan in 1938, the year of his death; his contested Lincoln still stands in Manchester.
Written for this edition, 2026.