Bourbon
Bourbon names 6 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Bourbon Duke of Angoulême
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
Duke of Angoulême, who was Dauphin till the Revolution of 1830, and died without issue in 1844, and CHARLES FERDINAND, Duke of Berry, who died, Feb. 14, 1820, of a wound given him by a political fanatic. The Duke of Berry had two children, (1) LOUISE MARIE THERESE, called Mademoiselle d'Artois; and (2) HENRI CHARLES FERDINAND MARIE DIEUDONNE, born in 1820, and at first called Duke of Bordeaux, but afterward Count de Chambord, who was looked upon by his party until his death (in 1883) as the legitimate heir to the crown of France. The branch of the Bourbons known as the House of Orleans was raised to the throne of France by the Revolution of 1830, and deprived of it by that of 1848. It derives its origin from Duke PHILIP I. of Orleans (died 1701), second son of Louis XIII., and only brother of Louis XIV. A regular succession of princes leads up to the notorious EGALITE OR- LEANS, who, in 1793, died on the scaffold, and whose son, LOUIS PHILIPPE was King of France from 1830 to the Revolution of 1848. His grandson, LOUIS PHILIPPE, Count de Paris, born Aug. 24, 1838, died in London, Sept. 8, 1894. His Son ROBERT, Duke of Orleans, born in 1869, is the present head of the family, and the last male representative of the elder Bourbons, who unites in himself the claims of both branches to the throne of France. The Spanish-Bourbon dynasty originated when, in in in 1700, 17 Louis XIV. placed his grandson, PHILIP, Duke of Anjou, on the Spanish throne, who became Philip V. of Spain. From him descends AL- PHONSO XIII., born in 1886. The royal line of Naples, or the Two Sicilies, took its rise, when, in 1735, DON CARLOS, the younger son of Philip V. of Spain, obtained the crown of Sicily and Naples (then attached to the Spanish monarchy), and reigned as Charles III. In 1759, however, he succeeded his brother, FERDINAND VI., on the Spanish throne, when he transferred the Two Sicilies to his third son, FERDINANDO (Ferdinand IV.), on the express condition that this crown should not be again united with Spain. Ferdinand IV. aga had to leave Naples in 1806; but, after the fall of Napoleon, he again became King of both Sicilies under the title of succession re- Ferdinand I., and the mained to his descendants till 1860, when Naples was incorporated into the new kingdom of Italy. Robert, Duke of Orleans, who, in 1894, became the head of the royal family of France, married, in 1896, the Archduchess Marie Dorothea, daughter of the Archduke Joseph, cousin of the Emperor of Austria. His mother was the Spanish Infanta Louise of Montpensier, and he has one brother and four sisters; the eldest of the latter, Princess Amelie, married the King of Portugal (she died in 1908), and the second, Helena, married the Duke of Aosta, nephew of the King of Italy. The only uncle of the Duke of Orleans was the Duke de Chartres, born in 1840, who married a daughter de Joinville. He died in 1910. A son and a daughter were the issue of this marriage, Princess Marguerite, who in 1896 married the Duke of Magenta, and Prince Jean, Duke de Guise (born in 1874), who married, in 1899, Isabelle, Princess de France. The issue were three daughters and a son. The latter, Prince Henry, was born in 1908. The granduncles of the Duke of Orleans were: Francis, Prince de Joinville (1818-1900), who married a daughter of Pedro I., Emperor of Brazil, by whom he had a daughter, Françoise (1844-1910), and a son, Pierre, Duke of Penthievre (1845-1919); Henry, Duke of Aumale (1824-1897); Anthony, Duke of Montpensier nsier (1824-1890), married, in 1846, a sister of Queen Isabella of Spain, and had a daughter, the wife of the Count of Paris, and a son, Prince Anthony, born in 1866, who married his cousin, the Infanta Eulalie of Spain, in 1886; Louis, Duke of Nemours, born in 1814, died in 1896. He was the father of two daughters and two sons, the eldest son being the Count of Eu, born in 1842, married a daughter of Pedro II. of Brazil, and, having three children, and the second son being the Duke of Alençon, born in 1844, died 1910, and married to a Bavarian princess (who was burned in the Paris bazaar fire in 1897), and having two children. By the death of the Count of Chambord, in 1883, the elder line of the Bourbons of France became extinct, and the right of succession merged in the Count of Paris, grandson of King Louis Philippe, representative of the younger, or Orleans, line.
Bourbon ancient an French family which has given three dynasties to Europe
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ancient an French family which has given three dynasties to Europe, the Bourbons of France, Spain, and Naples. The first of the line known in history is ADHE- MAR, who, at the beginning of the 10th century, was Lord of the Bourbonnais (now the department of Allier). The power and possessions of the family increased steadily through a long series of Archambaulds of Bourbon, till, in 1272, BEATRIX, daughter of Agnes of Bourbon and John of Burgundy, married Robert, sixth son of Louis IX. of France, and thus connected the Bourbons with the royal line of the Capets. Their son, LOUIS, had the barony converted into a dukedom and became the first Duc de Bourbon. Two branches took their origin from the two sons of this Louis, Duke of Bourbon, who died in 1341. The elder line was that of the Dukes of Bourbon, which became extinct at the death of the Constable of Bourbon in 1527, in the assault on the city of Rome. The younger was that of the Counts of La Marche, afterward Counts and Dukes of Vendôme. From these descended AN- THONY of Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, who, by marriage, acquired the kingdom of Navarre, and whose son, HENRY of Navarre, became Henry IV. of France. Anthony's younger brother, LOUIS, Prince of Condé, was the founder of the line of Condé. There were, therefore, two chief branches of the Bourbons-the royal, and that of Condé. The royal branch was divided by the two sons of Louis XIII., the elder of whom, LOUIS XIV., continued the chief branch, while PHILIP, the younger son, founded the House of Orleans as the first Duke of that name. The kings of the elder French royal line of the House of Bourbon run in this way: HENRY IV., LOUIS XIII., XIV., XV., XVI., XVII., XVIII., and CHARLES X. The last sovereigns of this line, LOUIS XVI., LOUIS XVIII., and CHARLES X. (LOUIS XVII., son of Louis XVI., never obtained the crown), were brothers, all of them being grandsons of Louis XV. Louis XVIII. had no children, but Charles X. had two sons, viz., LOUIS ANTOINE DE
Bourbon boor'bon, the last royal family of France
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
boor'bon, the last royal family of France. The name is derived from the name of a French province. The first Bourbon king was Henry of Navarre, who came to the throne as Henry IV in 1589. The family was deposed by the French Revolution in 1792, yet was restored in 1815 and again deposed by the Revolution of 1848. Louis Philippe was the last French Bourbon king. The noble family of Bourbon is one of the greatest in France. It rose to distinction in the tenth century. The great constable of Francis I was a Bourbon. Louis XIV , whose reign is considered the most glorious period of French history, was a Bourbon. The present royal family of Spain is a branch of the Bourbons. Another branch occupied the throne of Naples from 1735-1861. The later Bourbons were not progressive. It was Talleyrand who said, after the restoration of the Bourbons in 1815, that they had "forgotten nothing and learned nothing." In politics, therefore, the term is applied to the ultra-conservative, those who are behind the times politically. The Democrats of the United States have been called Bourbons in derision by their political opponents. The Bourbon whiskey of Kentucky takes its name from Bourbon County, in which for a time it was made chiefly. See Navarre ; Huguenot
Bourbon CHARLES, DUKE OF
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHARLES, DUKE OF, or CONSTABLE OF BOURBON, son of Gilbert, Count of Montpensier, born in 1489, and, by his marriage with the heiress of the elder Bourbon line, acquired an immense estate. He received from Francis I., in the 26th year of his age, the sword of Constable, and in the war in Italy rendered important services by the victory of Marignano and the capture of Milan. After occupying, for years, the position of the most powerful and highly honored subject in the realm he suddenly fell into disgrace, from what cause is not clearly known. The Constable, embittered by this return for his services, entered into treasonable negotiations with the Emperor Charles V. and the King of England (Henry VIII.), and eventually fled from France to put his sword at the service of the former. He was received with honor by Charles, and, being made general of a division of the Imperial army, contributed greatly to the overwhelming defeat of Francis at Pavia. But the Bourbon found Charles V. false to his promises, and returned, disappointed and desperate, to the command of his army in Italy, composed mostly of mercenaries, adventurers, and desperadoes from all Europe. Supplies falling short, the Constable formed the daring resolve of leading his soldiers to Rome and paying them with the plunder of the Eternal City. On May 6, 1527, his troops took Rome by storm, and the sacking and plundering continued for months. But the Bourbon himself was shot at the head of his soldiers. He was but 38 years of age.
Bourbon CHARLES, CARDINAL
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHARLES, CARDINAL, a French prince and prelate; brother of Antoine de Bourbon, born in 1520; uncle to Henry IV., King of France. He was Archbishop of Rouen, Legate of Avignon, cardinal, peer of France, and member of the Council. In spite of family ties he ardently supported the Guises and the League, and was declared by that faction heir presumptive to the throne on the ground that that his his brother Antoine, through heresy, had forfeited his claim. On the death of Henry III. he was declared King, as Charles X., and was recognized by a majority of the parlements. Yet he was all the while a prisoner at Fontenay-le-Comte, and died there in 1590.
Bourbon LOUIS HENRI, DUC DE
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
LOUIS HENRI, DUC DE, a French courier; Prince of Condé, born in Versailles, in 1692. As Chief of the Council of Regency and superintendent of the King's education, he robbed the public treasury and extorted huge bribes. He was made Prime Minister in 1723, and persecuted the Protestants. He died in Chantilly, Jan. 27, 1740.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
When Collier's wrote this in 1921, Alfonso XIII still sat on the Spanish throne and Robert, Duke of Orléans, was named "the present head" of the French royal house. Alfonso left Spain in 1931 when the Second Republic was proclaimed and died in Rome in 1941; the Spanish crown was restored only in 1975 under his grandson Juan Carlos I, who abdicated in 2014 in favour of the present king, Felipe VI. France never recalled its kings: the Orléanist claim passed from Robert (died 1926) through his nephew Jean, Duke of Guise, to that "Prince Henry, born in 1908" whom Collier's mentions in passing, who as Count of Paris pressed the family's case until his death in 1999. One Bourbon branch did gain a throne rather than lose one — the Bourbon-Parma line has reigned as Grand Dukes of Luxembourg since 1964, currently in the person of Grand Duke Henri.
Written for this edition, 2026.