Brewing
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Brewing. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the process of extracting a saccharine solution from malted grain ferand converting the solution into mented and sound alcoholic beverage called ale or beer. The manufacture of ale or beer is of very high antiquity. The Chinese, Japanese, ancient Egyptians and Assyrians ancient all drank beer. All the most people made intoxicating drinks out of cereals. It is said that King Osiris, of malted corn. 1960 b. c., made beer out In ancient Spain there was also a form of beer drank by the prehistoric peoples which were genealogically connected with the Libyans of Africa. This Spanish drink, which was also known to the Gauls, was, according to Pliny, called and caelia or cerea. The Phrygians Thracians brewed beer and used it for a beverage. Archilochus, 700 b. c., tells about their bryton, which was made out of barley and herbs. The ancient Arintoxicating barmenians had a strong, ley drink, which was imbibed by means sabof straws. Beer, called sabja or , jum, was known among the Thracians . Pristhe Illyrians, and Pannonians cus, 448 A. D., traveled through Bavaria drink which the and mentions a barley . Bavarians called camum In the first century A. D., in central France, beer was known to the people under the name turned of korma. When the Germans from fighting to the cultivation of the soil they began to manufacture beer this, and ale. Cæsar does not mention but Diodorus and Tacitus, who lived later than Cæsar, mentioned it. The various beers manufactured from grain have sometimes been classified unporder the three heads, beer, ale, and German is ter. The word beer in old spelled peor, pior, or pier, and is supposed to be connected with the word biber, which means "to drink." Another old German expression for drink was Engalu, alo, or ealo, preserved in the lish word ale. The beer of the ancients was essentially different from modern beer, because hops were not used in its been intromanufacture, they having . The first menduced from the Orient tion of a hop garden is in a law of Pepin monasteries in 768. Apparently the were the first in the Middle Ages to brew a good beer; St. Hildegard, Abbess of hops as Rupertsberg, in 1079, mentions of beer, and used in the manufacture there were many hop gardens in Bavaria, France, and lower Saxony. The industry gradually spread from the monasteries common people. into the hands of the The special patron of the modern brewing of beer was considered to be the fabulous King Gambrinus, who, about the year 1200, is said to have dissanccovered the method and to have his distified the land of Brabant with covery. Gambrinus is supposed to have (Jan Primus), been the Duke John I. the son of Henry III. Lager beer was brewed in Germany as early as the 13th century. The rep- Bavarian utation of the Frankish and beer dates from the 15th century. The first pale beer was produced at Nuremis an Engberg in 1541. Wheat beer lish invention, and in the 15th century much of it was exported to Hamburg, and as early as 1520 it was brewed in that city. It soon spread over the whole of northern Germany. In 1572 it was brewed in Berlin and developed into the modern weiss beer. Porter was discovered by the brewer Harwood, and by the end of the 18th century was exported to all parts of the world.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
. See Beer