More than one of these 7 encyclopedias carries each of the following subjects — but every one of them treats it in a sentence or two and then moves on. They are gathered here so the different accounts can sit side by side.
Corot
Collier's New Encyclopedia: JEAN-BAPTISTE-CAMILLE (kō-rō), a French artist; born in Paris, July 28, 1796; studied under Michallon and Victor Bertin and afterward in Italy. He exhibited for the first time in the Salon in 1827, but some years elapsed before the high qualities of his work were recognized. The fortune which he COROT however, to follow out the bent of his genius, and the last 25 years of his life were a continuous triumph. He frequently painted figure subjects, including the large sacred pictures, the "Flight Into Egypt" and the "Baptism of Christ"; but his most characeristic and successful work was in landscape. Few artists have been so successful in painting light and air, or in infusing work manifestly closely studied from nature with an ideal charm. He died in Paris, Feb. 23, 1875.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: ko-ro', Jean Baptiste Camille, (Paris 1796-1875), a French landscape painter. He has high rank as a painter of landscapes, for which he made extraordinary preparation by a diligent study of nature. His paintings are marked for their sobriety of coloring. It is said that he was the first artist to reveal the possibility of brown and gray. With these colors, aided by pale green, he painted a large number of scenes with exquisite dawn and twilight effects, including, Morning, Evening, Sunset, Rest, Solitude, Landscape with Figures, Pleasures of Evening, etc. The Boston Art Museum, the New York Metropolitan Museum, and other American galleries possess specimens of Corot's work. See Millais ; Breton
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Cotopaxi
Aiton's Encyclopedia: ko-to-paks'e, the most remarkable volcano of South America . It is situated in Ecuador, but a few miles south of the equator. Its upper portion is shrouded in perpetual snow. It presents a perfectly conical outline. Seen from the Pacific it is a magnificent peak, 19,550 feet high. Steam is issuing from the crater at all times. Since 1698 a number of tremendous eruptions have taken place, the latest in 1885. It is said that in 1744 thunder-like explosions and rumblings were heard 600 miles away.
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the most remarkable volcanic mountain of the Andes, in Ecuador, about 60 miles N. E. of Chimborazo; lat. 0° 43′ S.; lon. 78° 40′ W.; altitude, 19,500 feet. It is the most colossal summits of the beautiful of the Andes, being a perfectly symmetrical truncated cone, presenting a uniform, unfurrowed field of snow of resplendent brightness. Several terrific eruptions of it occurred in the course of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. The most recent eruption was in 1903.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Court-Martial
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a military court convened to try a soldier for an offense against military law, as mutiny, desertion, breach of orders, conduct unbecoming a soldier, etc. As provided by the statutes of the United States , a court-martial may consist of from five to thirteen commissioned officers above the rank of second-lieutenant. It may be convened by the commander. The members of the court must hold rank superior to that of the accused, that their chance for promotion may not be increased by his punishment. The finding of the court is of force only when approved by higher authority. In case of death penalty the finding must be approved by the secretary of war or the president.
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a court authorized by the articles of war, for the trial of all offenders in the army or navy, for military offenses. It has no jurisdiction over a citizen of the United States not service. It may of commissioned See MILITARY COURT-PLASTER (so-called because originally applied by ladies of the court as patches on the face), black, fleshcolored, or transparent silk varnished over with a solution of isinglass, which is often perfumed with benzoin, used for covering slight wounds.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Cowslip
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a beautiful flowering plant of Europe. It belongs to the primula family. A number of scapes, a hand's breadth or more in height, spring from a rosette of soft, oval leaves. Each bears a one-sided umbel of fragrant yellow flowers. As is the case with the robin, American settlers have brought the name to America. It has been given to plants that have no relationship to the English cowslip. Among the flowers, falsely called cowslips, are the marsh marigold of early spring and the Virginian lungwort or bluebell. The shooting star, with its blue pendulous flowers and recurved petals, is related to the cowslip of Europe. It may be called the American cowslip. See Cyclamen ; Primrose
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a well-known plant, Primula veris, of the same genus as the primrose, P. vulgaris, the oxslip, P. elatior, etc. The two last are very much akin. The first and second widely differ in appearance, but statements from time to time appear that they have been found growing from the same root, in which case they would not be two species, but varieties of one. The cowslip has ovatecrenate, toothed, and wrinkled leaves, with the flowers in an umbellate scape. The flowers are sedative and diaphoretic. They make a pleasant soporific wine.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Cradle of Liberty
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a name by which Faneuil Hall, in Boston, is known. During the Revolution it was the favorite meeting place of the Americans. The name is also sometimes applied to the city of Boston.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Faneuil Hall
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Crayon
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a colored pencil consisting ay colored of a cylinder of fine pipe-clay with a pigment. Crayons are said to have been made in France in 1422. In lithography, a composition formed as a pencil, and used for drawing upon lithographic stones.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: Geoffrey, jef'fry kra'un, a pseudonym of Washington Irving, over which he published the Sketch Book and other writings. In Irving's complete works, one volume is entitled Crayon Miscellany. See Irving ; Washington
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Creole
Aiton's Encyclopedia: kre'ol, in Louisiana, a name applied to pure white people born in this country, but of French ancestry. The term is also applied, but less frequently, to those of Spanish blood. They are distinguished as French creoles and Spanish creoles. In a country where there are many people of mixed blood, the term is one of honor, conferring social standing. In the West Indies the creole is one of pure Spanish ancestry, as distinguished from the people of mixed blood and immigrants from other European countries. The term is also applied, but improperly, to a negro born in this country, as distinguished from those imported from Africa. Taken without modification, a Louisiana creole is a person of pure French ancestry born in this country. The traditions, aristocratic customs, and family pride of genuine creole society are well described by G. W. Cable in his Old Creole Days, The Grandissimes, The Creoles of Louisiana, and other volumes. 2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about race that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: BR 2026-07-22)
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a person, in either America or the West India Islands, of European progenitors; as, a Spanish creole. It is sometimes, also, applied, but wrongly, to any person born within tropical latitudes, of whatsoever color.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia