More than one of these 7 encyclopedias carries each of the following subjects — but every one of them treats it in a sentence or two and then moves on. They are gathered here so the different accounts can sit side by side.
Carborundum
American Watchmaker and Jeweler: A substitute for diamond powder, used in polishing. It is made in two grades. No. 1, which is an olive tinted powder, is used by lapidaries for polishing the facets of gems, as it is so much finer than diamond powder that a superior finish can be secured on the gem by its use. It is also much cheaper than diamond powder. No. 2 is a black powder, which resembles the other in hardness, but is impure and still cheaper. It has extensive use among metal workers as an abrasive. Both varieties are used by watchmakers in the various polishing operations, as substitutes for diamond powder, bort, diamantine, etc. CAM. A moveable piece of irregular contour, so shaped as to give a variable motion to another piece pressing against it by sliding or rolling contact.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: the trade name of a compound of silicon and carbon. It is produced by fusing sand and carbon. The process was hit upon about 1890. Two electric furnaces at Niagara Falls are the chief source of the commercial supply. About 1,500 tons are made yearly. Carborundum has superior qualities as glazing for fireproof brick used in furnace buildings. Furnace linings may be protected by a paste of finely ground carborundum applied with a brush. It is used chiefly as a substitute for corundum and emery in the manufacture of "emery" wheels for grinding tools. See Corundum ; Emery
Covered by American Watchmaker and Jeweler and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Carboy
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a large and somewhat globular bottle of green glass protected by an outside covering of wickerwork or other material, for carrying vitriol or other corrosive liquid.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Bottle ; Demijohn
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Cardinal Points
American Watchmaker and Jeweler: The four intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, or North and South, East and West. CARON, PETER AUGUSTUS. A celebrated French watchmaker, born January 25th, 1732, in the Rue St. Denis, Paris. When nineteen years of age he invented an escapement known in France as the double virgule, which may be said to be a combination of the cylinder and duplex. He disputed in 1753, with Lepaute, the honor of being the inventor, and was awarded the merit of the discovery by the Academy of Sciences, on February 24, 1754. At the age of twenty-five he obtained a situation at court, under Louis XV., and received permission, on giving up the watch business, to style himself Monsieur de Beaumar, and under this name he wrote and published two well known works, the "Barber of Seville" and "The Marriage of Figaro."
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the N., S., E., and W. points of the horizon; the four intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle.
Covered by American Watchmaker and Jeweler and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carex
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a genus of plants, of the natural order Cyperacea (Sedges). There are numerous species found in cold, damp climates, the genus Cyperus taking the place of Carex in the tropics. Carices are innutritious to cattle. C. arenaria binds together the sand of the sea-shore. Its rootstock, with those of C. disticha and C. hirta, is reputed to be diaphoretic and diuretic. The Laplanders protect their hands and feet against frost bites by placing the leaves of C. sylvatica in their gloves and shoes. The leaves of some species are used for tying the hops to the poles in English hopgrounds, and in Italy they are placed between the staves of wine casks, are woven over Florence flasks, and sometimes used for making chair bottoms.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Sedge
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Carmel
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a long range of low mountains in northern Palestine terminating at the Mediterranean in the promontory of Mount Carmel. The brook Kishon follows the northern foot to the sea. The Plain of Sharon is on the south, the Plain of Acre on the north. This is the region in which the prophet Elijah took refuge and was fed by the ravens. Mt. Gilboa is near the eastern extremity. Mount Carmel, overlooking the Bay of Acre, was early a resort of hermits. The Carmelites, a Roman Catholic order of mendicant monks, took their rise here. See Palestine Carmen Sylva (1843-), the pseudonym of Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. She has become a writer of some note.
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a range of hills in Palesdraelon to the Mediterranean, and terminating in a steep promontory on the S. of the Bay of Acre. It has a length of about 16 miles, and its highest point is 1,850 feet above the sea. Knights of Mount Carmel, an order of 100 knights, each of whom could prove at least four descents of nobility by both father and mother, instituted by Henry IV. of France.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carnac
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a village on the southwestern coast of ancient Brittany. It is in the modern department of Morbihan, France. It may be reached by rail. Population, about 3,000. Carnac is famous for prehistoric remains. It was a seat of the Druids. Over 1,100 rude blocks of granite, some of them upwards of eighteen feet in height, stand on a level heath. They are arranged in rows and form avenues with a half circle at one end. The stones are thought to mark a vast Druidical open air temple and burying ground, but how people without modern tools could quarry and transport these huge stones is a marvel. The stones have the form of rough obelisks standing on the pointed end. Many of these stones were used at an early day by the surrounding farmers in the construction of stables and houses, so that the rows are far from complete. See Stonehenge
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a village of Brittany, France, department of Morbihan, on a height near the coast, 15 miles S. E. of Lorient, and remarkable for the so-called Druidical monuments in this vicinity. These consist of 11 rows of unhewn stones, which differ greatly both in size and height, the largest being 22 feet above ground, while some are quite small. These avenues originally extended for several miles, but many of the stones have been cleared away for agricultural improvements. They are evidently of ver ancient date, but their origin is unknown.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carnation
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a fragrant flower belonging to the pink family. Native to southern Europe. It has been cultivated more than 2,000 years. The Greeks called it dianthus or the divine flower. The name carnation refers to its original flesh color, which, under modern skill, has been broken up into white, pink, red, and every intermediate hue. Over 500 varieties are recognized by florists. Monthly carnations, plants that yield a perpetual supply of flowers for florists' purposes, were originated by a gardener of Lyons, France, about the middle of the nineteenth century. Carnations are propagated usually by cuttings. Millions of dollars are invested in hothouses and grounds devoted to raising carnations for the market. See Floriculture
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the popular name of varieties of Dianthus Caryophyllus, the clove-pink. The carnations of the florists are much prized fo for the beautiful colors of their sweet-scented, double flowers. They are arranged into three classes according to color, viz., bizarres, flakes, and picotees.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia