More than one of these 7 encyclopedias carries each of the following subjects — but every one of them treats it in a sentence or two and then moves on. They are gathered here so the different accounts can sit side by side.
Gin
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a compounded spirit, prepared either by redistilling plain spirit with juniper berries, coriander seeds, angelica root, etc., or by adding various essential oils to rectified spirit. In machinery, a portable hoisting machine whose frame is a tripod, one leg being movable so as to vary elevation, and thus determine the height its angle of of the apex their relative distance, and form stand- ; the other two legs preserve ards for the drum, round which the rope is wound by power applied to the handspikes. For heavy weights a fall and tackle is used; and for hoisting a bucket from a well or mine, simply a couple ple of pulleys to change the direction of motion of the rope. Also, a machine for separating cotton fiber from the seeds.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: an aromatic spirit. It is prepared by redistilling rye whiskey and flavoring the product with juniper berries. The name is an abbreviation of the French word for juniper. This kind of ardent spirits was formerly manufactured largely at Schiedam, Holland. See Alcohol
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Gironde
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a maritime department in France; form formed of part of the old province of Guienne; area, 3,761 square miles; capital, Bordeaux. It is watered mainly by the Garonne and the Dordogne, and by the Gironde, the estuary formed by the union of these two rivers. The E. two-thirds of the surface consists of a fertile hill and dale region; the remainder, in the W. next the ocean, belongs to the Landes. In the E. and N. E. the soil is chiefly calcareous. Wine is the staple product of the department. Grain, vegetables, potatoes, pulse, and fruit are grown largely. On the downs or sandhills of the W. coast there are extensive plantations of pine, from which turpentine, pitch, and charcoal are obtained. The principal manufactures are salt, sugar, wax candles, porcelain, and glass, chemical products, paper and tobacco. Pop. about 830,000.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: ji-rond', a department of France. It lies on the Bay of Biscay. It takes its name from the estuary of the Gironde, to which it is adjacent. The chief city is Bordeaux. The eastern part of the department is exceedingly fertile. It is celebrated for its wines, especially medoc and sauterne. For a description of the shepherds and their stilts, see LANDES. See also BORDEAUX; FRANCE.
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Glanders
Aiton's Encyclopedia: an infectious disease of the horse. It is a bacterial disease caused by a bacillus not different in appearance from that of consumption. The malady is marked by an offensive discharge, usually from one nostril, and a harsh, wiry feeling of the coat. Two stages are noted, one called by veterinarians the chronic, and the other the acute. A horse affected with glanders in the first form may live for years and do its work, but the disease is almost certain to pass in time into the other form, from which animals do not recover. Oddly enough, a horse with a mild form may communicate the germs of acute glanders to its healthy mates. The laws of most states require that an infected animal be killed and buried. Provision is sometimes made for partial compensation to the owner. It is considered dangerous to handle infected horses, as the germs have been taken into the human system causing distressful death. See Horse
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a disease among horses, indicated by by a a discharge dis of purulent matter from one or both nostrils, with a hard enlargement of the submaxillary glands. The disease is rarely if ever cured.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Glass Snake
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a peculiar lizard about eighteen inches long. It is found in the Southern States. It has a yellowish green body, with a smooth, shining skin. The glass-snake is perfectly harmless. It takes its name from the peculiarity that, if struck with a stick, its brittle tail flies into several pieces. The slow worm and blind worm of Europe are smaller relatives of this animal. The brown swift or pine lizard of the Southern States is also related. See Lizard
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a lizard, of the family Zonuridæ, or Chalcidæ. From the absence of feet, they look like serpents. They are found in this country. The name glass snake is supposed to allude to the brittleness of their tail.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Glebe
Aiton's Encyclopedia: gleb, in England and Scotland, land allotted for the free use of the pastor of a church. Traditionally the glebe is large enough to afford pasturage for a cow and to raise such vegetables and fruit as may be needed by a family. Ordinarily it comprises about four acres of desirable land adjacent to the manse or near the church. Sometimes it lies in a distant part of the parish. In case the minister does not desire to cultivate it himself, he is entitled to let it for rent, but he has no authority to sell. The legal right to a glebe belongs, of course, only to pastors in the established churches. See Presbyterians
Collier's New Encyclopedia: in the established Churches of England and Scotland, the land possessed as part of the revenue of an ecclesiastical benefice, usually along with a dwelling house.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Glenlivet
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the valley of Livet Water in Banffshire, Scotland. The Livet runs 14 miles N. W. till, at a point 5 miles S. of Ballindalloch station, it falls after a total descent of 1,600 feet into the Avan, itself an affluent of the Spey. In the battle of Glenlivet or Alltacoileachan, Oct. 4, 1594, 10,000 Protestants under the Earl of Argyll were routed by the Catholic insurgents under' the Earl of Huntly.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a famous Scotch whiskey. It was made first in the Vale of Glenlivet in Banffshire, Scotland. MacPherson had a son who married Noah's daughter, And nearly spoiled ta flood by drinking up ta water-- Which he would have done, I, at least, believe it, Had ta mixture peen only half glenlivet. --Aytoun.
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Gluten
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a grayish, elastic, sticky substance found abundantly in the white of an egg, in grains, and in lean meat, etc. As a food it builds muscle. There are about eight pounds of gluten in one hundred pounds of wheat flour. It is the elastic gluten of wheat dough that enables the gas formed by yeast to make bubbles and leaven the dough. The gummy substance obtained by chewing a mouthful of wheat is nearly all gluten. The gluten of sound wheat gives flour and bread a slightly yellowish tinge, but it is not accountable for dark bread. Quite a controversy has arisen as to whether it is legitimate to whiten flour by "bleaching." See Bread
Collier's New Encyclopedia: an albuminous substance, obtained by mixing 10 parts of wheatmeal with 8 parts of water, and allowing it to stand for half an hour; it is then washed with water, and kneaded, till all the starch is washed away, and the gluten thus obtained is a tenacious, yellowishgray, elastic mass, which dries into a horny, semi-transparent mass, resembling glue.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia