Briefly noted: J (1)

Jacquard Loom

Aiton's Encyclopedia: or Jacquard Attachment. See Jacquard ; Joseph Marie

Collier's New Encyclopedia: a loom for weaving figured goods.

Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia

Jaguar

Aiton's Encyclopedia: jag'war, a formidable, catlike animal closely related to the panther or cougar. Its native range extends from Texas to Paraguay. It has a heavy body about four feet in length, the total length, including the tail, being two feet greater. It is spotted like a leopard. In temperament and habits it is not unlike the cougar. The Century Dictionary figures the jaguar with a capybara or river hare in its claws. It occupies a wide range of territory. It lives in forests, where it climbs trees and springs upon the deer, tapir, and agouti, and it is found in treeless uplands as well. See Cougar

Collier's New Encyclopedia: a ferocious looking feline animal, a little larger than a leopard, which it resembles in color, except that in the jaguar the spots are arranged in larger and more definite groups. It is found in the S. part of the United States, through Mexico, Central America, and Brazil, as far S. as Paraguay. It will attack horses, cattle, and even man.

Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia

January

Aiton's Encyclopedia: the first month of the year. The old Roman year began with March. The beginning of the year was shifted to January about 251 B. C., but this arrangement was not accepted by Christian nations until the eighteenth century. The Jewish New Year still falls on March 25th. The month was named in honor of Janus, the god of doors, gates, and all passageways. He was represented in art as a god with two faces, one looking backward, the other forward. New Year's Day was the chief festival in his honor. Presents were then made. The Temple of Janus in Rome was open in time of war. It is said to have been closed but three times in 700 years.

Collier's New Encyclopedia: the first month of the is not mot therefor year. It was, among the Romans, held Earthquakes rthquakes sacred to Janus, from whom it derived Japan, pan, thoug its name, and was added to the calendar Asiatic Batic contin along with February by Numa. It was and valleys valleys, not till the 18th century that January ing in in richnes was universally adopted by European tropical and pical regio nations as the first month of the year, forest forest-cl though the Romans considered it as such to tions be be consider as far back as 251 b. c. of s of the e the sacred sacred

Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia

Jasper

The Encyclopedia of Founding: Like carnelian, agate, and chalcedony, this mineral is chiefly composed of silex, but it always contains more iron, and hence, instead of being translucent, like them, it is always opaque. Its colors are red, yellow, and brown; specific gravity 2.70. Its composition is silex 75, alumina 0.5, lime 0.02, iron 13. It is infusible. See PRECIOUS STONES.

An Encyclopaedia of Occultism: Prevents fever and dropsy, strengthens the brain, and promots eloquence; it is a preservative against defluxions, the nightmare, and epilepsy, and is often met with in the east as a counter-charm. Marbodæus mentions seventeen species of this stone, but that "like the emerald " is most noted for its magical virtues.

Collier's New Encyclopedia: a mineral of the quartz of the quar 4, 1864. family, which occurs in the form of rocky masses in the form , often making

Covered by The Encyclopedia of Founding and An Encyclopaedia of Occultism and Collier's New Encyclopedia

Jaundice

Aiton's Encyclopedia: jan' dis, a yellow color of the skin and eye. It arises from coloring matter in the skin which the liver, whose province it is, has failed to remove. As one whose liver is out of order is not likely to look on the world with a pleased eye, the term "jaundiced" has been applied proverbially to one who is out of sorts. All seems infected that th' infected spy, As all looks yellow to the jaundic'd eye. --Pope, Essay on Criticism.

Collier's New Encyclopedia: an affection in which many tissues of the body are stained yellow, particularly the conjunctiva, skin, underneath the finger-nails, the urine, etc. It is caused by the coloring matter of the bile becoming absorbed into the blood from various morbid conditions of the liver, or the duodenal portion of the intestine, either from mechanical obstruction of the bile, or from suppression.

Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia

Jena

Aiton's Encyclopedia: ya'na, a university town of Germany. It is pleasantly situated twelve miles east of Weimar, on the Saale. Interest centers in the university which was founded in 1558, and reached its period of greatest prosperity toward the close of the eighteenth and during the early part of the ninteenth centuries. Its reputation is connected with the names of Schiller, Humboldt, Schelling, and Goethe. Many American students who have since become eminent in the world of thought, resided here. There are collections of coins and other antiquities, a library of 180,000 volumes, a botanical garden , an observatory, and other educational facilities. The battle of Jena was fought a little to the north of the town in 1806. The cliffs of the Saale are of unusual interest to geologists. The population of the town is about 15,000.

Collier's New Encyclopedia: a town of former grand-duchy of a town of the 12 miles E. of Huchy of Sa place of little Weimar, on ale, importance university, which It has ( 1915), was opened was oper cal theater, 121 teachers, teachers, museum and botanical other gardens cal garden observatory, library scientific scientific and ( 1915), 1,666 of 275,000 of 276 1806, the Prussians students. students. Prince Hohenlohe ( 70,000 8 (70,000 the French were defeated were defen with 90,000 men under. Napoleon Napoleon Pop. about 40,000. Pop. about JENGHIZ KHAN. See CAN. See KHAN.

Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia

Jerboa

Aiton's Encyclopedia: a long-tailed jumping mouse of the Old World. The jerboa of Africa lives in large colonies in extensive underground galleries. It has short front legs and very long hind ones which, with its extended tail, enable it to jump prodigious distances. The body of the jerboa is about eight inches in length. See Mouse

Collier's New Encyclopedia: a rodent mammal, with a body six inches long and a tail about eight, occurring in Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, and some other parts of Western Asia. They are lively little creatures, living in underground galleries in the desert.

Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia