More than one of these 7 encyclopedias carries each of the following subjects — but every one of them treats it in a sentence or two and then moves on. They are gathered here so the different accounts can sit side by side.
October
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the 8th month of the socalled year of Romulus, which became the 10th when Numa changed the commencement of the year to Jan, 1, though it retained its original name. Many Roman and Greek festivals were celebrated in this month, the most remarkable of which was the sacrifice at Rome of the October horse to the god Mars.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: the tenth month of the year. The name is derived from the Latin octo, meaning eight. October was the eighth month of the Roman year. October has thirty-one days. In America it is the month of typical autumn weather, the month of gorgeous foliage. The American boy holds October in affectionate remembrance as the month of nuts.
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Ode
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a poem of lyrical character, supposed to express the poet's feelings in the pressure of high excitement, and taking an irregular form from the emotional fervency which seeks spontaneous rhythm for its varied utterance. The Greeks called every lyrical poem adapted to sing ing - hence opposed to the elegiac poem -an ode. The principal ancient writers were Pindar, Anacreon, Sappho, Alcæus, among the Greeks, and Horace among the Romans. As employed by English writers the ode takes either the Pindaric form of strophe, antistrophe, and epode irregularly arranged and contrasted; or, the form of a regular series of regular stan- The former style is found in Dryzas. den's "Ode for St. Cecelia's Day," while Swinemünde. the latter is seen in Shelly's "Ode to a Skylark." The masters of English poesy who have carried the ode to its highest achievements are Milton, Dryden, Collins, Grey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Keats, and Shelley.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a lyric poem characterized by exalted emotion, dignity of style, and an irregular form. The word ode is from the Greek and, in its original use, meant simply a song. In its more modern meaning, an ode, while classed with lyric poetry, is seldom sung or written to be sung. Its varied rhythm is, however, designed to express that fervor of emotion which would naturally find utterance in spontaneous song. Among the most notable odes in literature are Dryden's Ode for St. Cecilia's Day, Shelley's Ode to a Skylark, and Lowell's Commemoration Ode .
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Odyssey
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a celebrated epic poem attributed to Homer, and descriptive of the adventures of Ulysses in his return home from the siege of Troy. ŒCUMENICAL, universal, an epithet applied to the general councils of the Church. From the time of the Council of Chalcedon (451) the patriarchs of Constantinople took the title of ecumeni- , in the same sense as the epithet cal cal Catholic is used in the Western Church. See COUNCIL. ŒDEMA, a swelling occasioned by the presence of water which collects in the interstices of the cellular tissues. The subcutanous cellular tissue is the most frequent, but not the only seat of edema. The other forms are edema of the lungs lungs and of the glottis. Edema of the brain is of less frequent occurrence, and edema of the sub-mucous and subcellular tissue seldom produces symptoms sufficiently decisive to determine their nature.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Iliad And Odyssey
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Oilcloth
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a variety of floor covering. The foundation of oilcloth is jute burlap. The burlap is first sized with varnish, glue, or starch. It is then painted with a mixture of ocher, linseed oil, and benzine; after which it is dried, rubbed smooth, and again painted. This process is repeated from four to nine times, according to the quality of cloth to be produced. The oilcloth is then printed in any desired patterns and colors, the printing being done by the block method. After printing, the cloth is dried and varnished. It is then ready for shipment. Table oilcloth is made by a similar process. The foundation is of coarse muslin, and it is coated with oil, turpentine, and umber. See Linoleum ; Printing
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a tarpaulin; painted canvas for floor covering. Figures or patterns in oil colors are printed e printed on one side by means of wooden blocks. A separate block is used for each color.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Old Catholics
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the name assumed by a body of German priests and laymen who refused to accept the dogma of Papal Infallibility, and, in consequence of its definition, formed themselves into a separate body. It was essentially a university movement, for the German who left Rome to avoid voting-Hefele among the number-afterward submitted. Van Schulte, a professor at Prague, published a formal protest; then came the Nuremberg protest of "Catholic professors" (August, 1870). Father Hyacinthe's "Appeal to the Bishops" followed in "La Libertà" early in 1871, and (March 28) Dr. Döllinger set forth his reasons for withholding his assent. Döllinger and Friedrich were immediately excommunicated. In September following, a congress was held at Munich, when it was resolved to seek reunion with the Greeks. In 1872 a second congress was held at Cologne. On Aug. 11, 1873, Dr. Reinkens was consecrated at Rotterdam by Dr. Hey de Kamp, Jansenist Bishop of Deventer, and, in 1876, Dr. Reinkens consecrated Dr. Herzog. The first synod (1874) made confession and fasting voluntary; the second (1875) reduced the number of feasts, and admitted only such impediments to marriage as were recognized by the State; the third (1876) permitted priests to marry, but forbade them to officiate after marriage. This prohibition was annulled by the fifth synod (1878), and, in consequence, Friedrich, Reusch, and some others withdrew. Congregations of Old Catholics exist in Austria, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, France, and Mexico, but their numbers are small.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Infallibility
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Olives
Collier's New Encyclopedia: MOUNT OF, or MOUNT
Aiton's Encyclopedia: Mount of. See Jerusalem
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Olla Podrida
Aiton's Encyclopedia: ol-la-po-dre'da, a favorite Spanish dish. It is composed of meat and vegetables cut up fine and stewed together. It is highly seasoned with pepper and other condiments. It is equivalent to the French pot pourri. The term is applied to a musical medley also, and to writings that "contain a little of everything."
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a dish much in favor among all classes in Spain. It is composed of a mixture of all kinds of meat, cut up fine, and stewed with various kinds of vegetables; also an incongruous mixture; a miscellaneous collection of any kind; a medley.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia