More than one of these 7 encyclopedias carries each of the following subjects — but every one of them treats it in a sentence or two and then moves on. They are gathered here so the different accounts can sit side by side.
Paregoric
Collier's New Encyclopedia: Important: Safety Warning This page recommends preparations containing opium, laudanum, morphine, or similar narcotics — in some cases for children. These substances are dangerously addictive, easily fatal in overdose, and strictly controlled by law today. In addition, this page presents medical treatment from an era before modern medicine. The remedies described are ineffective against the conditions named, and some of the ingredients or doses are harmful. Do not use them to treat any illness; consult a qualified medical professional. This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon. the compound tincture of opium, benzoic acid, camphor, and oil of anise, every fluid ounce containing 2 grains each of opium and benzoic acid, and 1½ grains of camphor. This preparation is much used both by the profession and the public for coughs, colic, etc. It has also been found useful in chronic rheumatism, and especially in the case of children, to relieve slight pains in the stomach and bowels.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Opium
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Parish
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a district marked out as that belonging to one church, and whose spiritual wants are to be under the particular charge of its own minister; or, to give the sense which the word often has in acts of Parliament, a district having its own offices for the legal care of the poor, etc.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Episcopal Church
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Parnassus
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a mountain ridge of Greece, eighty miles northwest of Athens. Its highest summit is 8,068 feet above sea level. The oracle of Delphi was situated near its southern base. In Greek legend Parnassus was the home of Apollo, the muses, and the nymphs, hence the source of inspiration for music and poetry. A painting in the Louvre, Paris, represents Apollo as playing, while the muses dance. Mercury stands beside Pegasus, the winged horse of the muses. Venus and Mars stand on an elevation with Cupid, who is in the act of shooting arrows into Vulcan's cave. Allusions to Parnassus are frequent in literature. Emerson compiled a volume of choice verse, which he called Parnassus. In the Fable for Critics , Lowell speaks of himself: There is Lowell, who's striving Parnassus to climb, With a whole bale of isms tied together with rhyme.
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a famous mountain of Greece, government of Phocis, N. W. of Mount Helicon. It has three peaks, the highest of which reaches an elevation of 8,068 feet. On the W. side lay Delphi, the seat of the famous oracle, and the fountain of Castalia. The highest peak was dedicated to Bacchus, and was the scene of the orgies of his worship. The rest of the mountain was sacred to Apollo and the Muses; hence, poets were said "to climb Parnassus."
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Parsley
Collier's New Encyclopedia: carum petroselinum or Petroselinum sativum. The leaves are tripinnate, the flowers yellow. Found on walls walls , and in waste places, as a garden escape. There are three leading varieties of the plant, the common or plainleaved, the curled, and the Hamburg sage or carrot-rooted parsley. The second is that more generally cultivated as a culinary vegetable; sheep feeding on it are said to be less liable than others to the rot.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a common garden herb introduced from Europe. It is closely related to caraway. It has yellowish flowers and ovate, three-cleft, curly leaves. The latter are much used to flavor soups and garnish meats. A species with thread-like leaflets grows wild on the dry hills of California and Nevada. Fool's parsley is a similar plant. It is a fetid, poisonous European herb of acrid taste found growing in waste grounds, etc.
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Parsnip
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a well known garden vegetable. It is a native of Europe, but is raised in all temperate climates. It is biennial. It produces a carrot-shaped root one year and seed the next year. It is a robust-growing plant, sending up a strong, grooved, hollow stem. It produces an umbel of small flowers, succeeded by thin, flat seeds. When allowed to run wild the parsnip ceases to produce a spindle-shaped root, and not infrequently seeds the first year. Parsnips are used for the table and for feeding stock. There are several wild plants of the name. They belong to the parsnip family, but are not closely related to each other. Among these are the hemlock parsnip found in low meadows; the cow parsnip, a stout, woolly plant with immense leaves, found around the edges of copses; the meadow parsnip with bright yellow flowers; the water parsnip, and a related plant known as the water hemlock. The roots of the latter resemble those of the parsnip, but they are poisonous and should not be eaten. See Vegetables Parson's Cause. See Henry ; Patrick
Collier's New Encyclopedia: peucedanum sativum, or pastinaca sativa. Leaves pinnate, leaflets sessile, ovate, inciso-serrate, flowers bright yellow. The boiled root is eaten as a vegetable; sheep and oxen fatten rapidly upon it; a kind of wine may be made from it; its seeds are aromatic and contain an essential oil.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Passion Flower
Aiton's Encyclopedia: an interesting genus of herbs and trees, chiefly South American, bearing curious flowers which the early Spanish and Italian travelers fancied were emblematical of Christ's suffering or "passion." We quote Bailey: The ten colored parts of the floral envelope were thought to represent the ten apostles present at the crucifixion, Peter and Judas being absent. Inside the corolla is a showy crown or corona of colored filaments or fringes, taken to represent the crown of thorns, or by some thought to be emblematic of the halo. The stamens are five, to some suggestive of the five wounds, by others thought to be emblematic of the hammers which were used to drive the three nails, the latter being represented by the three styles with capitate stigmas. The long axillary coiling tendrils represented the cords or the scourges. The digitate leaves suggested the hands of the persecutors.
Collier's New Encyclopedia: the genus Passiflora. The three stigmas seemed to the devout Roman Catholics of South America to represent nails; one transfixing each hand, and one the feet of the crucified Saviour; the five anthers, His five wounds; the rays of the corona, His crown of thorns, or the halo of glory around His head; the digitate leaves, the hands of those who scourged Him; the tendrils, the scourge itself; while, finally, the 10 parts of the perianth were the 10 apostles-that is, the 12, wanting Judas who betrayed, and Peter who denied, his Lord.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia