More than one of these 7 encyclopedias carries each of the following subjects — but every one of them treats it in a sentence or two and then moves on. They are gathered here so the different accounts can sit side by side.
Sardonyx
Collier's New Encyclopedia: onyx consisting of alternate layers of sard and nearly opaquewhite chalcedony. It is the most beautiful and the rarest variety of onyx, and that which was held in the greatest esteem by the ancients for engraving into cameos. French
The Encyclopedia of Founding: A very beautiful and rare variety of onyx, composed of alternate layers of sard and white chalcedony, used by the ancients for cameo engravings. See PRECIOUS STONES.
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and The Encyclopedia of Founding
Satellite
Aiton's Encyclopedia: sat'el-lit, in astronomy, a heavenly body that revolves about a planet. The moon is a satellite of the earth. So far as observed, Neptune has one satellite; Uranus, four; Saturn, eight; Jupiter, five; Mars, two; and the earth, one. Saturn is surrounded by bands thought to be composed of countless numbers of minute satellites. In literature, a satellite is a person of little importance who hovers about another, as an attendant or obsequious follower. See Pythagoras ; Ptolemy
Collier's New Encyclopedia: a subordinate attendant; an obsequious or subservient follower. Hence, in astronomy, a secondary planet revolving around a primary one. The moon is satellite to the earth. Mars has two satellites, Jupiter five, Saturn ten, Uranus four, and Neptune one.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Schreiner
Aiton's Encyclopedia: Shriner, Olive (1863-), a South African writer. She was the daughter of a Lutheran clergyman and was born in Basutoland. In 1883 she came to England and published The Story of an African Farm under the pseudonym of Ralph Iron. Other writings are: Dreams, Dream Life, and Real Life, and An English South African's View of the Situation. In 1894 she was married to Mr. S. C. Cronwright and in collaboration with him has published The Political Situation. Her first work is by far the best known of any of her writings.
Collier's New Encyclopedia: OLIVE, a South African novelist; born in Basutoland, 1863. She is the daughter of a Lutheran minister, and was married in 1890 to Mr. Cronwright, an Englishman of the colony. She published her first and most noted book, "The Story of an African Farm," under the pseudonym "Ralph Iron," at the age of 20; "Dreams" (1890); "Dream Life and Real Life" (1893); "Trooper Peter Halket" (1897); "An English South African's View of the Situation" (1899); "Women and Labour" (1911); etc. She died in 1920.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and Collier's New Encyclopedia
Schubert
Collier's New Encyclopedia: FRANZ PETER, an Austrian composer; born in Vienna, Austria, Jan. 31, 1797. He belonged to a family distinguished for their musical talents, and from his earliest years showed a strong bent to musical studies and composition. At seven years of age he was the pupil of Michael Holzer; became a chorister in the imperial chapel, and the pupil of the court organist and of Salieri. He studied the works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, and gave lessons in music for a living. The number and variety of his compositions is extraordinary. The most admired is his "Songs," and among them "The Erl King," and "Ave Maria" are perhaps the best known. But he wrote also operas, sonatas, symphonies, overtures, cantatas, six masses, etc. He left numerous works unpublished at the time of his death. Schubert spent almost his whole life at Vienna, and died there Nov. 19, 1828.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: shoobert, Franz (1797-1828), a German poet and musican. A native of Vienna. Schubert's most noted songs are Erl King, Ave Maria, Serenade, The Young Nun, and Margaret of the Spinning Wheel. His piano compositions are described as light in style and exquisite in feeling. He left some six hundred songs and over four hundred musical compositions.
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Scruple
Aiton's Encyclopedia: anciently any very small measure. The scruple was used by the Greeks to designate the 24th part of an uncia of land, the 24th part of an hour, and the 24th part of an ounce. The term had the same use among the Latins. Among English-speaking people it refers to weight only, the scruple being a third of a dram or the 24th part of an ounce apothecaries' weight, equivalent to 20 grains Troy. The term is not to be confused with scruple, meaning hesitation or uneasiness, save that both words are related to scrupulus, a Latin term meaning a sharp stone, a grain of sand, and doubt.
The Encyclopedia of Founding: The scruple is the 288th of a troy pound; the 24th of an ounce; the third part of a drachm, and contains 20 troy grains. Sculpture is an art in which, by means of taking away or adding to matter, all sorts of figures are formed either in clay, wood, wax, stone, or metal. The art of sculpture, in its most extensive sense, comprehends not only carving in wood, stone, or marble, but all enchasing, engraving in all its kinds and casting in bronze, lead, wax, plaster, as well as modelling in clay, wax, or stucco. See STATUARY-FOUNDING; PLASTER CAST; MODELLING; STUCCO.
Covered by Aiton's Encyclopedia and The Encyclopedia of Founding
Scythe
Collier's New Encyclopedia: an implement which has been known from the earliest ages. The ancient form being nearly the same as the modern. It consists of a curved steel blade fixed at right angles to a long, crooked handle, to which are fastened two other smaller handles. One of the first American inventions was an improvement in the scythe, originated by Joseph Jenks, who strengthened the back edge of the blade by welding to it a strip of iron. Scythes are used for cutting grass and corn; when for the latter purpose, a piece of wickerwork, called a cradle, is attached. attached. In antiquity, the curved, cutting blade, which was affixed to the wheels of war chariots, was called Atlantic Ocean a scythe. The implement in its agricultural form was an emblem of Saturn or Chronos or old "Father Time."
Aiton's Encyclopedia: . See Reaping
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia
Secondary Schools
Collier's New Encyclopedia: educational institutions in the United States higher in grade than the COMMON SCHOOLS (q. v.) and next below the grade of colleges. Under this head are classed all public high schools, academies, etc. Under special secondary schools are included all preparatory, normal and manual training schools. The increase and development of public secondary schools has been very rapid. In 1918 there were 678,469 pupils enrolled in the high schools of the United States.
Aiton's Encyclopedia: a term used to designate high schools and academies. The fitness of the term lies in the sequence of primary schools and secondary schools. A logical continuation of the nomenclature would denominate the college a tertiary school, but tertiary is associated too exclusively with an interesting fossiliferous geological age to be considered an appropriate designation for the third stage in education. See Academy ; High School
Covered by Collier's New Encyclopedia and Aiton's Encyclopedia