Bronte

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

CHARLOTTE (afterward of the larger and medium sized tubes; MRS. NICHOLLS), an English novelist, (b) capillary bronchitis, and bronborn in Thornton, Yorkshire, April 21, chitis of the tubes generally the peri- 1816; was the third daughter of the Rev. pneumonia notha of the older writers. Patrick Brontë, rector of Thornton, from (3) Plastic which he removed in 1820 on becoming bronchitis. (4) Mechanical bronchitis, grinder's disease - car- incumbent of Haworth, in the West Ridbronchitis or black phthisis. ing of Yorkshire, about 4 miles from secondary to general Keighley. Her father, an able though as measles or typhoid eccentric man, brought up Charlotte and Bronchitis secondary to her sisters in quite a Spartan fashion, BRONTË and fatigue. Charlotte became a teacher, and then a governess in a family. In 1842 she went with her sister Emily to Brussels to learn French and German, and she subsequently taught in the school they attended. In 1844 arrangements were entered into by the three sisters to open a school at Haworth, but it was a failure. They resolved now to turn their attention to literary composition; and, in 1846, a volume of poems by the three sisters was published, under the names of CURRER, ELLIS and ACTON BELL. It was issued at their own risk, and attracted little attention, so they abandoned poetry for prose fiction, and produced each novel. a Charlotte (CURRER BELL) entitled her production "The Professor," but it was everywhere refused by the publishing trade, and appeared after her death. EMILY (ELLIS BELL) with her tale of "Wuthering Heights," and ANNE (ACTON BELL) with "Agnes Grey," were more successful. Charlotte's failure, however, did not discourage her, and she composed the novel of "Jane Eyre," which was published in October, 1847. Its success was immediate and decided. Her second novel of "Shirley" appeared in 1849. Previous to this she had lost her two sisters, Emily dying on Dec. 19, 1848, and Anne May 28, 1849 (after publishing a second novel, the "Tenant of Wildfell Hall"). In the autumn of 1852 appeared Charlotte's third novel, "Villette." Shortly after, she married her father's curate, the Rev. Arthur inuring them to every kind of industry Bell Nicholls, but in nine months died of consumption, March 31, 1855. BRONTË, EMILY JANE, an English novelist; sister of CHARLOTTE and ANNE BRONTË, born at Thornton, Yorkshire, Aug. 20, 1818; lived most of her life at Haworth parsonage. Her pen name was ELLIS BELL. "Wuthering Heights" (1847), a powerful but morbid novel, was her chief work. She died in Haworth, Dec. 19, 1848.