Brunswick
Brunswick names 8 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Brunswick FAMILY OF, a distinguished family founded by ALBERT Azo II
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FAMILY OF, a distinguished family founded by ALBERT Azo II., Marquis of Reggio and Modena, a descendant, by the female line, of Charlemagne. In 1047 he married Cunigunda, heiress of the Counts of Altorf, thus uniting the two houses of Este and Guelph. From his son, GUELPH, GUELPH, who was created Duke of Bavaria, in 1 1071, and married Judith of Flanders, a descendant of Alfred of England, desc descended Henry the Proud, who succeeded, in 1125, 20; and by marriage acquired Brunswick and nd Saxony. Otno, the great-grandson of Henry by younger branch of his family, was the first who bore the title of Duke of Brunswick (1235). By the two sons of ERNEST of Zell, who became Duke in 1532, the family was divided into the two branches of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (II.) and Brunswick-Hanover, from the latter of which comes the present royal family of Great Britain. The former was the German family in possession of the duchy of Brunswick until the death of the last Duke in 1884. GEORGE LOUIS, son of Ernest Augustus and Sophia, granddaughter of James I. of England, succeeded his father as Elector of Hanover in 1698, and was called to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 as GEORGE I.
Brunswick the capital, is on the Ocker
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
the capital, is on the Ocker, in a level and fertile district, 143 miles W. S. W. of Berlin. It is supposed to have been founded in 861, by Bruno, Duke of Ostfalen. In the 13th century Brunswick became a member of the Hanseatic League, and soon attained considerable commercial prosperity, which declined with the decay of the League. The town is most irregularly built, with narrow and crooked streets. The cathedral (1173-1469), and the churches of St. Martin, St. Catharine and St. Andrew, with its steeple 341 feet high, are among the principal buildings; the old Rathaus is a fine specimen of Gothic. In the museum are some notable antiquities and works of art, by Jan Steen, Albert Dürer, Holbein, Rembrandt, Raphael, Guido Reni, Ruysdael, Michael Angelo and Benvenuto Cellini. The industry of the town before the World War consisted chiefly in manufactures of jute, woolen and linen, leather, sewing machines, chicory, beet sugar, tobacco, papier maché, and lacquered wares, and in publishing. A fine avenue of linden trees leads to the ducal palace, which, destroyed by fire in 1830 and 1865, was rebuilt in 1869. Pop. about 142,000.
Brunswick FRIEDRICH WIL- HELM, DUKE OF
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRIEDRICH WIL- HELM, DUKE OF, fourth and youngest son of Duke Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Brunswick, born in 1771. During the war against France, in 1792 and subsequently, he fought in the Prussian armies, was twice wounded, and once made prisoner with Blücher at Lübeck. For the campaign of 1809 he raised a free corps in Bohemia, but was compelled to embark his troops for England, where he was received with enthusiasm. His corps immediately entered the British service, and was afterward employed in Portugal and Spain, the Parliament granting him a pension of £6,000, until he returned to his hereditary dominions, 1813. The events of 1815 called him again to arms, and he fell at Quatre Bras, 1815. Caroline, wife of George IV., was a sister of this prince.
Brunswick city and county-seat of Glynn co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
city and county-seat of Glynn co., Ga.; Ga.; on St. Simon's Sound, 8 miles from the Atlantic Ocean; on the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic, Atlantic Coast Line and the Southern railroads; 80 miles S. by S. W. of Savannah. Its settlement dates back more than 100 years, and its importance as a commercial port has been developed since the close of the Civil War. It has an admirable and spacious harbor, provided with a brick lighthouse; is connected with New York, Fernandina, and Savannah by regular steamship lines; and exports large quantities of cotton, phosphates, tar, turpentine and pine lumber. The city is the seat of a United States Marine Hospital; and is a popular summer and winter resort, with fine hotels. Pop. (1910) 10,182; (1920) 14,413.
Brunswick KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF, born in 1735; entered upon the government in 1780. He received the chief command of the Austrian and Prussian army against France, in 1792, and designed to press forward from Lorraine to Paris, but, after taking Longwy and Verdun, was baffled in Champagne by Dumouriez, defeated at Valmy by Kellermann, and obliged to evacuate the province. In 1793 the Duke, in conjunction with the Austrians, opened the campaign on the upper Rhine, took Königstein and Mentz, and prepared to attack Landau. After a long struggle with varying success the Austrian lines were broken by Pichegru, and the Duke was obliged to follow their retreat across the Rhine. At Auerstadt he was mortally wounded, in 1806.
Brunswick one of the states of the German Empire
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
one of the states of the German Empire . It lies about half way between Berlin and Cologne. The capital is the city of Brunswick. The population is about half a million. The total area is only 1,425 square miles. It is composed of eight districts entirely detached from each other lying on the map like a handful of islands surrounded by the territory of Prussia and other German states. The general nature of the country is not unlike that of Hanover and Saxony. See Germany
Brunswick FERDINAND, DUKE OF
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FERDINAND, DUKE OF, fourth son of Duke Ferdinand Albert, born in Brunswick, in 1721. In 1739 he entered the Prussian service, was engaged in the Silesian wars, and in the Seven Years' War commanded the allied army in Westphalia. He drove the French from lower Saxony, Hesse and Westphalia, and was victorious at Crefeld and Minden. After the peace he retired to Brunswick, and died in 1792. 1
Brunswick a town in Cumberland co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a town in Cumberland co., Me.; at the head of navigation on the Androscoggin river, and on the Maine Central railroad, 26 miles N. E. of Portland, and 8 miles W. of Bath. It is principally engaged in lumbering, milling and manufacturing; and is widely known as the seat of Bowdoin College and the Maine State Medical School. Pop. (1910) 5,341; (1920) 5,784.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Of the subjects gathered here, the two dukes and the Guelph pedigree stand as written -- though Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand is now remembered less for Valmy than for the 1792 Brunswick Manifesto threatening Paris, which helped provoke the storming of the Tuileries, while his son Friedrich Wilhelm is still the Black Duke who fell at Quatre Bras. The political entities did not last: the duchy Aiton's described in 1910 as eight detached districts lying like a handful of islands lost its duke in 1918, survived as a Free State, and was absorbed into Lower Saxony in 1946. Collier's 1921 praise of the city's narrow and crooked streets and the rebuilt ducal palace was overtaken by the air raid of October 1944, which burned out most of the medieval old town; the palace site now carries a shopping centre behind a reconstructed facade, and Braunschweig has grown to roughly a quarter of a million people, its Henry the Lion bronze intact. Brunswick, Georgia, still a port and gateway to the Golden Isles, has barely grown past the 14,413 of the 1920 census, and became internationally known in 2020 through the killing of Ahmaud Arbery nearby and the trial held in the town.
Written for this edition, 2026.