Cables

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

SUBMARINE. (See SUB- MARINE TELEGRAPHY.) CALIPHATE: OTTOMAN CALIPHS. The title of caliph, after falling into practical disuse for several centuries after the destruction of the Caliphate of Bagdad by the Mongols or Tartars in 1258 (See article CALIPH, Vol. II), was finally assu assumed by the Ottoman sultans, beginning with Selim I (1517). From that time till 1922 it was united with the title of the Turkish Sultans, whose spiritual supremacy by virtue of this office was acknowledged by almost all Mohammedans. On November 1st of the latter year, however, the Sultanate was abolished by the Turkish National Assembly at Angora and the Sultan- Caliph Mohammed VI fled from Constantinople on a British warship. The Angora Assembly, while ending the Sultanate and also deposing Mohammed VI as Caliph, declared that the Caliphate should continue in the Osman family, from which the Assembly would choose a prince fitted for the office. It was further declared that Constantinople should continue to be the seat of the Caliphate and that the Turkish govern- CALORIES (FOOD) 30,000 such conscript laborers year. were employed by the state in 1921-22. BUTLER, PIERCE, Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, was born in Dakota County, Minnesota, March 17, 1866. He graduated from Carlton College, 1887, and was admitted to the Minnesota bar in 1888. From 1899 to 1905 he was counsel for the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. Co., and from 1913 to 1918 represented a group of American railroads in the matter of federal valuation, being afterwards retained by the Government of Canada in proceedings to determine the price to be paid for the properties of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railroad. In 1910 he was named as special counsel for the U. S. Government in the prosecution of the Chicago Meat Packers. On November 23, 1922 he was named by President Harding to be associate justice of the U. S. Supreme Court and his nomination was confirmed by the Senate. He assumed his seat January, 1923. CABLE ACT. (See UNITED STATES, ment would remain the latter's principal defender; but no temporal power should in future be attached to the office, whose only functions or authority would be spiritual. The first choice of the Assembly was Abdul Medjid Effendi, cousin of the deposed Sultan and former Crown Prince of Turkey, who was invested with the sacred mantle of the Prophet, November 24, 1922. The proceedings were approved by Mohammedans in general, except that the attitude of the Arabs remained questionable. The various Shiite Mohammedan sects, which number between fifteen and twenty million adherents in Persia, India, and other countries, hold that the Caliphate or succession of Mohammed was confined to the family of Ali, his son-in-law; but all Sunnite Mohammedans, including the Turks and most others of the faith, hold it to be the right of the faithful to make their own choice of the Prophet's successor and for 400 years they have recognized the spiritual supremacy of the Ottoman caliphs at Constantinople, who in form if not in fact, have held their places as the choice of, or with the approval of the people. CALORIES FOOD). Food being the source of the energies of the body and Quebec. Calgary. London its value for this purpose being measurable by the amount of heat it is capable of liberating when used as a body fuel, such value is most conveniently expressed in heat units or calories. The average requirement of a man doing no work is about 1,900 calories per day, to which must be added anywhere from 200 to 2,000 calories, and even more, to meet the requirements of varying degrees of muscular exertion. The following table, prepared by the U. S. Government, gives ves the number of calories per pound in various common articles of food as purchased in the market: Apples Bacon Bananas Beans (dried) Beef (fresh) Bread Butter Cabbage Celery Cheese (American) Chocolate Eggs.. Fish (canned salmon) Fish (fresh) Flour Lard & substitutes Milk Pork (salt) Potatoes (white) Rice Sugar Tomatoes 219 2,979 298 1,603 Edmonton Halifax St. John, N. B. 95,193 63,305 60,959 58,821 58,372 47,166 Of the total population, 50.47 per cent was rural and 49.53 per cent urban, the latter class including the populations of all incorporated cities, towns, or villages of whatever size. Ontario and Quebec had the largest percentage of urban population and Prince Edward Island between 1911 and 1921 was shown by the smallest. The most rapid growth the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, and Manitoba.