Cairn
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Cairn. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a round or conical heap of stones erected as a sepulchral monument. They are found on the hills of England, Wales, and Scotland, and some have assigned to them a peculiar character, as receptacles for the bodies of criminals burnt in the wicker images of the Druids, etc. According to some antiquaries, cairn is distinct from carnedd, the Welsh name for heaps of stones on the tops of high mountains (Carnedd David, Carnedd Llewellyn, etc.), which CITADEL OF CAIRO are said to have been sacrificial. Some cairns are undoubtedly sepulchral. In common language, a cairn is distinguished from a barrow, the former being a heap of stores, the latter a mound of earth; but in all probability they had for the most part the same object, and the difference of materials was merely occasioned by local circumstances. (kīrō) (Arab. Musr el CAIRO Kaherah, "the victorious capital"), the capital of modern Egypt, situated in a sandy plain between the right bank of the Nile and the ridge of Mokattam, near the point of the delta of the Nile. The most remarkable buildings in the city are its minarets and mosques. The minarets are the most beautiful of any in the Levant, of a prodigious height, and built of alternate layers of red and white stone. The most ancient of all the minarets is that attached to the great mosque of Sultan Tayloon. This mosque was built in the year of the Hegira 265 (879 A. D.) before the foundation of the city, and consists of an immense cloister or arcade built on pointed arches, being the earliest extant in that form. The city proper is built on the slope of one of the lowest ridges of the Jebel Mokattam, and is surrounded, N. and E., by old walls, and the highest part citadel comof the ridge is occupied by a cita manded by forts on the mokattam, and containing the palace of the viceroy, the arsenal, mint, public offices, and the magnificent new mosque of Mehemet Ali. The city is separated from its suburbs Bulak and Masr-el-Atiqa by a series of gardens and plantations, chief of which is the Ezbekiah. Bulak, the port of Cairo, is connected with it by a railway; it was built in 1313 on land deposited by the river. At Bulak is the celebrated museum of antiquities, an unequalled collection of Egyptian remains of unique historical interest. Cairo is divided into several distinct quarters, as Coptic, Jewish, and Frank quarters, which were formerly separated by gates. Ismailiyeh, the The new quarter, called lled Europeans and wealthy naresidence of of tives, has many of the houses in the Italian style, with large gardens attached. The remarkable edifioon prise many of the finest remains of Arabian architecture, all dating from the time of the ancient sultans of Egypt. Among these, besides mosques, chapels, and Coptic churches, are several of the ancient gates, an aqueduct for conveying water from the Nile to the citadel, the works of the citadel, and the palace and well of Joseph. At Old Cairo are the seven towers, still called the "Granary of Joseph," and serving their ancient purpose. In the island of Rhoda is the celebrated Nilometer. On the S., outside the walls, are the tombs of the Mamelukes, and on the N. E. the obelisk of Heliopolis. There are also a public
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
. See Barrow