Captain
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
one who is at the head or a company, whether of infantry, cavalry, (1) The military officer who commands or artillery. (2 ) An officer in the navy commanding a ship of war. captain is next in rank above the com- The naval mander, and in the United States ranks with a colonel. (3) The master of a merchant vessel. a strongly fortified city of southern CAPUA (ancient Capoa or Capua), Italy, province Caserta, Terra di Lavoro, on the left bank of the Volturno, in a fine plain 18 miles N. of Naples. The city is a finely built place and contains many has a citadel, the work of Vauban. It unimportant. The ancient Capua was handsome public edifices. Its trade is situated about 2½ miles from the modern city. The remains of its amphitheater, said to have been capable of containing 100,000 spectators , and of some and magnificence. The amazing fertility of its tombs, attest its former splendor of its territory, and the commercial spirit of its inhabitants, rendered Capua one of the largest and richest cities of ancient Italy. It was destroyed by 14,000. the Saracens, A. D. 840. Pop. about a name given to various species of South CAPUCHIN MONKEY (kap -ū-shēn'), American monkeys of the genus Cebus. The hair of their heads is so arranged that it has the appearance of a capuchin's cowl, hence the name. The name is most frequently given to the Sai (Cebus Capuchinus), the Horned Sapa- (G. fatuellus), as well as to Pithecia jou chiroptes, a monkey belonging to an allied species.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's definitions of 1921 would all pass muster today: an army captain still commands a company, a naval captain still stands next above a commander and still ranks with a colonel (pay grade O-6 in the United States), and the master of a merchant ship is still called captain. The chief addition since 1921 is the air force, absent from the entry: when the U.S. Air Force became a separate service in 1947 it took the army pattern, so its captain is a junior officer equal to an army captain, while the Royal Air Force's group captain is a much more senior rank equivalent to a naval captain. The other change is who holds the rank, women having been commissioned into the line and risen to captain and above in the navies and merchant fleets of many countries since the 1970s.
Written for this edition, 2026.